4.5(top 10%)
impact factor
9.9K(top 2%)
papers
281.5K(top 2%)
citations
154(top 2%)
h-index
4.5(top 10%)
extended IF
11.0K
all documents
298.8K
doc citations
218(top 5%)
g-index

Top Schools (by citations)

#SchoolArticlesCitationsR ARankR CRank
1Biology3159,209730
2Marine Biology3058,74811
3Biology1357,39711
4Cell Biology1337,36811
5Histology1065,47111
6Ecology2155,4581529
7Biotechnology1894,91719
8Education934,5253022
9Animal Nutrition904,42411
9Nutrition904,42411
11Education1124,40064
12Biology714,31811
12Cell Biology714,31811
14Education813,94511
15Histology633,79211
16Nutrition733,78511
16Animal Nutrition733,78511
18Biotechnology1243,666138170
19Biotechnology2033,42511
20Biology1953,36111
20Marine Biology1953,36111
22Biomedical Sciences1233,356397531
23Freshwater Ecology1113,32515
24Biology1292,852321
25Biomedical Sciences872,74211
26Marine Biology1252,71511
27Pathology182,47342
27Experimental Pathology182,47341
29Immunology652,46211
30Ecology1092,41313
31Ecology1012,371913
32Biology352,362812
32Immunology352,36234
32Cell Biology352,36222
35Biotechnology252,35411
35Marine Biotechnology252,35411
37Animal Science662,22273
38Experimental Pathology132,20431
38Pathology132,20431
40Biology672,02911
40Epidemiology672,02911
42Education371,98652
43Education981,94811
44Environmental Science601,8621113
45Biochemistry411,78152
46Biology861,77312
46Marine Biology861,77312
48Education371,65133
48Ecology371,65111
48Higher Education371,65111
51Biotechnology791,62415
52Education351,6231810
53Education631,61411
54Biotechnology661,61111
55Marine Environmental Science551,5921315
56Biology361,57652
56Molecular Biology361,57622
56Genomics361,57622
59Biotechnology751,53911
60Environmental Science301,50411
61Zoology231,3791212
62Immunology861,32711
63Biomedical Sciences221,24411
64Pathology81,239362
65Biotechnology471,19011
66Animal Science281,185154
67Nutrition301,16632
68Pathology491,16111
68Immunology491,16111
70Food Safety171,14111
71Education551,13211
72Genetics381,13032
73Marine Biotechnology561,12711
74Biology401,09311
74Marine Biology401,09311
76Biotechnology351,07847
77Science Education551,07311
78Biology311,07111
79Coastal Engineering421,05411
80Nutrition231,02926
81Nutrition191,01531
82Freshwater Ecology4399815
83Genetic engineering44996611
83Biotechnology44996613
85Economics1799066
86Biotechnology3896611
86Marine Biotechnology3896611
88Nutrition1096532
88Animal Nutrition1096532
90Biology4295213
91Biology3194326
92Biology2891711
93Physiology139092513
94Biology319072340
95Molecular Biology3890413
95Biochemistry3890413
97Genomics1690323
98Biology48902513
98Developmental Biology4890211
100Comparative Physiology1289936
101Nutrition1988621
102Immunology5187611
103Biology148652115
104Biology188645635
104Molecular Biology1886453
106Biology258502156
107Biology16837135137
108Biology18832212219
108Molecular Biology18832212219
110Genetic engineering3982747
110Biotechnology3982747
112Biotechnology1982323
113Animal Science20808125
114Zoology1580157
115Animal Nutrition1080031
116Biochemistry1179141
117Biology207862040
118Biotechnology2876924
119Sustainable Development3876811
120Biology3276459
121Ecology2175824
122Proteomics2075522
123Education247533156
124Biology50752210
124Marine Biology5075211
126Genetics1774723
126Animal Science2174762
126Molecular Genetics1774723
129Biotechnology24738210
129Genomics2473813
131Higher Education2673611
131Education2673611
133Biotechnology1172811
134Nutrition472743
135Oceanography2172154
135Genetics1772156
137Animal Science1671495
138Biotechnology1070321
139Biology256992024
140Animal Science1269551
141Biology6688293153
142Education1367018594
143Food Science5666132
144Marine Biology2266511
145Evolutionary Biology466414577
146Biotechnology2365711
147Biology246501743
147Molecular Biology24650310
149Nutrition1164542
150Environmental Engineering56143411
151Biotechnology1261266
151Biomaterials1261233
153Biology15609212
154Zoology760433
155Food Safety1560311
156Pathology12592163
157Environmental Science2358711
158Zoology11584227
159Biotechnology2258311
159Genomics2258311
161Biotechnology657811
162Biology1957411
162Molecular Biology1957411
164Marine Biology2956623
165Clinical Pathology10563122
166Biology11562839455
167Animal Science12559115
168Biology275561939
168Developmental Biology2755626
170Biomedical Sciences2054911
171Biotechnology29547412
172Nutrition654232
173Biology154047936
173Cell Biology1540605
175Nutrition1453321
175Environmental Health1453321
177Marine Biology1653124
178Education115298553
179Pathology15241.0K235
180Biotechnology2951529
181Biology185131228
181Biotechnology145136856
183Biotechnology4351218
184Pathology2951111
185Biotechnology18510510
186Education145071710
187Evolutionary Biology1449911
188Biotechnology6498411238
188Food Safety649811
190Biotechnology2349312
191Education114906734
191Anatomy1849023
193Cell Biology1648829
194Biology13487106
195Education1648621
196Biotechnology114811312
197Animal Science20476157
198Animal Science164742416
199Oceanography1347110966
200Biology246221
200Education94623420
200Epidemiology246241
203Animal Science2645912
204Biology2345517
204Biology2345513
206Biology5454214
206Marine Biology5454133
206Biochemistry445412467
206Microbiology5454509
206Chemistry445414956
206Food Chemistry44544832
212Zoology164533542
212Biotechnology2445311
214Biology11447812
215Biotechnology2644211
216Nutrition44414521
217Biology224372183
218Biology44322616
218Immunology443296
218Ecology1943215
218Physiology4432137
218Cell Biology443283
223Biotechnology2742911
224Education234242955
225Biotechnology741741
226Environmental Science441643
227Genetic engineering2241414
228Biotechnology8411181
229Biology26402326
230Nutrition143984257
231Molecular Biology25397114
232Food Science439613560
233Biology23391838
234Biotechnology2038811
235Pathology8387201
236Biology538411382
236Biology123842437
238Marine Biology9383158
239Ecology83791715
239Pharmacy3379939
239Biotechnology21379110222
239Pharmacognosy3379243
243Nutrition1137652
244Molecular Biology2237514
244Molecular Biology2237515
246Genetics1936811
247Nutrition136621
248Animal Nutrition336522
249Zoology133622221
249Genomics236211
251Marine Biotechnology2235612
252Clinical Pathology7355131
253Biotechnology2535448
254Genetics1535232
255Zoology1535011
256Nutrition634572
256Animal Science434588
256Clinical Nutrition634572
259Ecology13344118
260Biology163404692
261Food Science73392314
262Biotechnology1433813
263Sustainable Development2433711
264Earth Science1433521
265Biology26333527
265Education53332010
267Biology2732812
268Education11327210156
268Histology1332714
268Pharmacy832783
271Cell Biology332561
272Biology1332323
272Pathology23237316
272Biotechnology183231317
272Animal Nutrition2323134
272Nutrition2323134
272Molecular Biology1332312
272Genomics1332312
272Ecology1332311
280Genetics173211428
281Biology632021
281Genetics632021
283Biotechnology1531721
284Nutrition1031632
285Immunology231521
285Nutrition931522
285Animal Nutrition931511
288Microbiology33124828
289Education1631111
290Biology133092840
290Marine Biology1330911
292Biology1230612
293Animal Science1230511
293Higher Education330511
295Toxicology63032411
296Marine Biotechnology1430222
296Oceanography113021816
298Agricultural Microbiology1299206
299Botany14298916889
300Genetics2297478192
300Pathology92971610
300Marine Conservation829722
300Nutrition329721
304Immunology1429511
305Animal Science1329013
306Biotechnology2028923
307Biology6287198208
308Biochemistry62857869
309Biochemistry828352
310Marine Biology2328011
310Immunology42801213
312Microbiology122787783
312Botany122787482
314Marine Biology2427711
314Clinical Nutrition427721
316Biology927299138
317Education8271226
318Biotechnology82693142
319Ecology726811
320Biotechnology14267115
321Microbiology1226484116
321Education826412
323Biology826338
324Biochemistry1262339
325Nutrition425982
326Nutrition82561015
326Education11256148
326Public Health82562.9K2.1K
326Immunology12256731
330Microbiology9255810
330Nutrition325578
330Pathology9255810
333Immunology825418
334Marine Biotechnology525111
335Biology124921
335Food Science924967
335Cell Biology124911
335Immunology124911
339Biotechnology1024733
339Biology1247123
339Nutrition124724657
339Food Science1024711
339Environmental Engineering1424712
339Nutrition1247313
345Pharmacy62467669
346Biotechnology62458489
346Microbiology8245217255
346Ecology224511155
349Biology924348
349Immunology924313
349Genetics924333
349Cell Biology924334
349Embryology924333
354Marine Biology724122
355Microbiology11238162223
356Microbiology523721
356Immunology72371116
358Biology1023612
359Biology82351956
359Biotechnology112351537
361Biology623153
362Biotechnology822853
362Zoology922811
362Marine Biotechnology822831
365Pathology8226911
365Microbiology8226911
367Nutrition522573
367Biotechnology52253747
369Biology52242414
369Marine Biology52242113
369Biotechnology52241912
372Oceanography922315
373Biotechnology4222264154
373Biology4222334203
375Biology1221132
376Systems Engineering221983
377Marine Biology1521711
378Biology102151138
379Biology721211
379Genetics22124013
379Animal Nutrition621242
379Nutrition621242
383Microbiology11211151237
383Freshwater Ecology1021111
385Microbiology72103034
385Oceanography821021
387Animal Science42083110
387Nutrition32082810
389Biotechnology62071315
389Biology62072329
389Genetics62071916
389Medical Biotechnology11207314
389Molecular Biology62071613
394Biotechnology13206919
394Chemistry720610696
394Biology72065884
394Education72069379
394Chemistry72065757
394Developmental Biology720637
400Biology1620334
400Microbiology1120343
402Biology42025568
402Animal Science52026127
404Biotechnology3201379
405Pathology11998918
405Nutrition7199913
405Biotechnology219952
405Marine Biotechnology219922
409Education5198264209
409Food Science219812953
409Biotechnology1019813
412Food Engineering919715
412Ecophysiology219711
412Animal Science419721
415Agricultural Microbiology1019694133
415Developmental Genetics119612
417Microbiology8195613
417Physiology519553
419Animal Science81941310
420Biology619390129
420Pathology419321
422Marine Biology519212
422Biotechnology519268
422Marine Biology41921418
422Oceanography819211
426Biotechnology31903933
426Marine Biotechnology319021
428Biochemistry2189617259
429Biotechnology81881337
429Reproductive biology1318811
431Biology1018556
431Marine Biology1018544
431Ecology41852632
431Biochemistry1018544
431Evolutionary Ecology41851114
436Education41836226
437Ecology218299
437Ecology2182117
437Ecology218210662
440Genetics1180419204
440Genetics11809322
440Molecular Genetics11809751
440Ecology1118012
440Animal Science118011
440Molecular Genetics118051
446Zoology117923095
446Environmental Science417910688
446Food Science61792629
446Animal Science71792011
450Marine Ecology91782029
451Quality Control2177245
452Biology41763346
452Food Safety41762118
454Physiology217516694
454Genetics3175129102
454Nutrition117522
454Animal Physiology21755235
454Animal Science5175610
454Education1175272
454Animal Nutrition117522
461Developmental Biology2174318203
461Biology2174340225
461Zoology617452
461Biology2174371234
461Animal Science31744112
466Biology917357151
466Biotechnology71732961
466Ecology121731018
469Education7172225258
469Epidemiology417247
469Ecology917244
469Biotechnology317232
473Biomedical Sciences9171203342
474Environmental Engineering41702524
474Nutrition717014
474Marine Biotechnology111701024
477Nutrition116911
478Nutrition516887
479Genetic engineering101672169
479Biotechnology101672169
481Food Science31662720
482Fine Arts916512
482Biotechnology816513
482Biotechnology31651713
482Animal Biotechnology81651913
482Biotechnology81651916
482Physiology616554
482Biochemistry816514
489Biology11641.0K527
489Ecology1164423186
489Evolutionary Biology1164248127
489Biochemistry21645632
489Biotechnology71641827
489Zoology416449
495Nutrition316362
495Anatomy4163104
495Embryology416342
495Agricultural Biotechnology416333
495Biotechnology416333
500Public Health7162315
501Biochemistry41616233
502Industrial Biotechnology11604010
503Biotechnology91591121
504Biology7158173255
505Biotechnology515791153
505Anatomy21577819
507Education5156217159
507Food Safety515611
509Genomics115510428
510Quality Control315433
511Zoology8153288382
511Environmental Science715366125
511Biotechnology21535740
511Nutrition21537732
511Animal Science2153146
511Proteomics515313
517Food Science21513533
517Food Science21513133
519Biology31507135
519Genetics1115011
519Marine Biology31506834
522Genetics3149136141
522Genetics514935
522Ecology91492735
522Nutrition514911
526Microbiology514886120
526Medical Microbiology51481421
528Food Science1147274134
528Chemistry31473013
528Food Processing11478836
528Marine Biology914711
528Food Processing114721
533Oceanography2145632453
533Genetics61451240
533Molecular Biology514511
533Oceanography2145475362
533Genetics614568
533Animal Science31453912
533Biochemistry514511
533Population Genetics614567
533Population Genetics614558
533Immunology1614513
543Agricultural Engineering314412
543Animal Biotechnology814412
543Bioengineering314421
543Nutrition414485
547Microbiology414382113
547Marine Biology2143129
549Genomics10142210
550Genetic engineering9141310
550Biochemistry314111
550Biotechnology414199
550Genetic engineering414199
550Genetic engineering414111
550Physiology314111
556Education114016334
556Zoology21405232
556Physiology414031
556Marine Ecology7140811
556Marine Biology1314022
556Ecophysiology114011
562Biotechnology313824
562Freshwater Ecology313811
562Ecology313811
562Marine Biotechnology1013811
566Biology413741
566Genomics4137198195
566Genomics41375568
566Functional Genomics4137919
566Developmental Biology513712
566Functional Genomics413712
566Evolutionary Biology413711
573Food Safety61362830
574Biology91351828
574Marine Biotechnology313577
574Marine Biology713513
577Biology31342813
577Biology7134622
577Biotechnology113412987
577Biotechnology113411272
577Marine Biotechnology113410971
577Marine Biotechnology113410366
577Economics213494
577Education1134183
577Higher Education113411
586Education113219146
586Genetics1132291139
586Biochemistry91321233
586Biology213211989
590Biology21313731
590Biology313133
590Pathology11311129
590Veterinary Pathology1131333
590Animal Science7131210
590Ecotoxicology313121
590Developmental Biology313133
597Microbiology21306723
597Animal Biotechnology613011
599Microbiology41292341
599Biology1129202
599Agricultural Engineering1129102
599Molecular Biology1129327
599Chemical Engineering1129295109
599Biochemistry11294916
599Biochemistry112971
599Bioengineering112910223
599Marine Biotechnology612912
599Biochemistry1129111
599Molecular Biology1129132
599Biology112921
599Bioengineering1129114
599Molecular Biology112921
599Agricultural Engineering112931
614Biology112832789
614Biotechnology41284147
614Immunology412888101
614Bioengineering412823
618Quality Control812711
618Epidemiology1212712
618Nutrition812711
621Immunology6126187353
621Biology61264675
621Chemistry4126164182
621Epidemiology412611
625Genetics912516
625Zoology41253019
625Animal Science41257064
625Veterinary Immunology412532
625Immunology412532
625Nutrition2125103
625Molecular Genetics912513
632Biology3123121133
632Zoology112310870
632Botany2123638401
632Endocrinology112310161
636Zoology21221719
636Ecology21221619
636Biotechnology812235102
636Genomic Data Analysis112243
636Genomic Data Analysis112244
636Marine Biology812211
642Animal Science61213018
643Zoology11209551
644Microbiology51192626
644Genetics4119149174
644Biotechnology21195457
644Nutrition311924
644Biotechnology21193137
644Immunology511964
644Marine Biotechnology211911
644Marine Biotechnology211911
644Environmental Health311914
644Ecophysiology1119104
654Biology31183559
654Genetics311813
654Marine Conservation411812
654Biotechnology511825
654Science Education811811
659Biology511747
659Genetics211711
659Animal Science111173372
659Food Engineering311733
659Molecular Biology211711
659Biology211711
665Higher Education21163226
665Higher Education7116742
665Animal Science311631
668Animal Biotechnology2115171
668Biotechnology2115181
668Public Health31154545
668Pharmacognosy311557
672Genetics511433
672Chemistry51141123
672Genetics4114314
672Molecular Genetics411433
672Biotechnology511433
677Immunology411311
678Biotechnology51124685
679Pathology5111436556
679Ecology21112822
679Oceanography81112456
679Education711176157
679Psychiatry111117489
679Oceanography21112822
679Neurobiology1111913
679Pathology31112621
679Environmental Science811151112
679Environmental Science111115753
679Higher Education71113077
679Marine Ecology21112320
679Oceanography111111
692Marine Biology311012
692Genetic engineering11101712
692Industrial Biotechnology111031
692Sustainable Development411011
696Chemistry4109860630
696Genetics210965
696Biology2109188114
696Cell Biology21094921
696Biotechnology41092370
696Chemistry41096257
696Biotechnology2109102
696Architecture21093616
696Bioengineering210954
696Histology210931
706Biology41086082
706Biology2108268
706Marine Biology2108214
706Animal Science31087655
706Biotechnology2108272142
706Marine Biotechnology51081419
706Developmental Biology510812
706Environmental Science11081510
706Ecology110833
706Zoology110873
716Biology710741116
716Animal Science51073137
718Ecology31063527
718Oceanography81061817
718Marine Ecology610648
718Biotechnology210662
722Physiology210513359
722Biology41054669
722Ecology2105223172
722Food Safety61055370
722Animal Science210553
722Animal Science510541
722Food Safety61054248
729Biotechnology210451
729Bioengineering310411
731Pathology41031614
731Zoology6103139220
731Biotechnology31032116
731Agricultural Microbiology710312
731Biotechnology11033016
731Microbiology610331
737Ecology51026477
737Pharmacology31023525
737Physiology3102107
737Biochemistry510227
737Sustainable Development610216
742Biology3101125147
742Ecology4101272385
742Nutrition1101122
745Biotechnology31003643
745Ecology31002013
745Chemical Engineering2100200119
745Biotechnology410011
745Biotechnology31001920
750Bioengineering11991390
751Education298261164
751Biology6981452
751Nutrition1982710
751Genetics498514
751Animal Nutrition39832
751Nutrition39832
751Marine Biotechnology59811
751Animal Nutrition19811
759Biology1978039
759Genetics1978342
759Immunology197125
759Cell Biology19757
759Biology2973834
759Genetics19741
759Biology1972213
759Animal Science3975333
759Biology197609333
759Cell Biology1975644
759Immunology19714887
759Clinical Pathology2972612
759Genetics197271159
759Pathology197165
759Veterinary Pathology197124
759Embryology1971511
759Environmental Science6973443
759Embryology19711
759Immunology19711
759Cell Biology19711
759Embryology19711
759Veterinary Pathology19711
759Pathology19711
782Pharmacology2965328
782Pathology196602145
782Pathology4964433
782Nutrition2961812
782Nutrition296105
787Physiology1956326
787Biotechnology29535
787Biotechnology2952536
787Biotechnology2954234
787Bioengineering2951520
787Bioengineering2951216
787Genomics2952421
787Genomics29513
787Microbiology39531
796Biotechnology2945036
796Chemistry3944458
796Chemistry394180137
796Oceanography4941030
796Nutrition1943317
796Biochemistry29436
796Theoretical Chemistry3946051
796Public Health194105
796Theoretical Chemistry3942314
796Animal Science29411
796Marine Biotechnology29411
807Biomedical Engineering193331125
807Biology4935380
807Anatomy39322
810Biotechnology89218
810Toxicology1922017
810Animal Science1927222
810Conservation Biology4921329
810Genomics49212
815Biotechnology2912632
815Nanotechnology3916864
815Zoology29132
818Pathology19017288
818Pathology3902434
818Biology39011
818Pathology3902326
818Medical Microbiology4903366
818Biotechnology19083
818Food Science1907527
818Bioengineering49045
818Biotechnology19023
818Marine Biology39011
818Nutrition29011
829Biotechnology18943
829Biology189605250
829Cell Biology1898340
829Histology189796
829Anatomy1892919
829Physiology1892820
829Anatomy1892917
829Physiology1892717
829Medical Imaging189527
829Education3893751
839Biotechnology288121108
839Marine Ecology28853
841Zoology38711495
841Zoology1872510
841Genomics58728
841Biochemistry58729
841Biochemistry58724
841Biotechnology1872912
841Marine Biotechnology78712
841Ecology2871413
841Genomics58725
841Animal Science18721
841Freshwater Ecology28711
841Freshwater Ecology28711
853Biology4863297
853Microbiology18610823
853Microbiology1866616
853Biotechnology186167
853Genomics38645
853Environmental Science786820
853Microbiology18642
853Biochemistry58611
853Marine Biotechnology18623
853Marine Biology38613
863Biotechnology685173357
863Pathology3854749
863Microbiology3859485
863Pharmaceutical Biotechnology685167351
863Food Science18511655
863Biomedical Sciences4851039
863Veterinary Pathology3851919
863Food Science185145
863Genetics68513
863Biotechnology68513
873Biotechnology2847441
873Biotechnology28414190
873Biology1845439
873Animal Science4843230
873Biotechnology184788465
873Pharmacy184269
873Marine Biotechnology28411
880Public Health283430384
880Physiology2834510
882Ecology4822864
882Education382461331
882Pharmacy18215471
882Pharmacy182236113
882Oceanography382815
882Genomics3822543
882Evolutionary Ecology48217
882Sustainable Development78212
882Marine Ecology5824046
891Biology181877631
891Cell Biology181296223
891Anatomy181302221
891Physiology181458332
891Immunology3812036
891Toxicology181257205
891Animal Nutrition181255
891Nutrition181315
891Animal Science48154
900Biotechnology28011294
900Biology280215138
900Bioengineering280269
900Bioenergy3803646
900Zoology48024
905Biotechnology279287271
905Biology179479362
905Biology1796622
905Food Science1793622
905Education1795015
905Education8792170
905Molecular Biology1795520
905Genomics7791150
905Comparative Genomics77924
905Pathology87917
905Public Health37911
905Nutrition17965
905Pathology17935
905Public Health37911
919Biology178593392
919Biotechnology478117179
919Biology1078110
919Biotechnology3782637
919Biology178292186
919Biology178245165
919Pharmacokinetics2781411
919Biology17814795
919Pathology1782922
919Ecology27810370
919Pharmacokinetics27864
919Genetic engineering37857
919Industrial Biotechnology178217121
919Cell Biology578212
919Pharmacodynamics27864
919Pharmacodynamics27863
919Marine Biotechnology478410
919Industrial Biotechnology17841
937Genetics2775357
937Biochemistry87715102
937Animal Science2777151
940Chemistry576868976
940Zoology276126154
940Biology676125310
940Oceanography57646
940Oceanography176226
940Environmental Chemistry57678140
940Toxicology5761439
940Biotechnology2763043
940Microbiology47611
940Immunology47611
940Immunology276126
940Environmental Engineering27612
940Nutrition27611
940Quality Control27611
954Physiology475312295
954Biology47562187
954Environmental Engineering97553147
954Education2757227
954Biotechnology2758980
954Zoology3755238
954Biology375916
954Environmental Engineering975912
954Biochemistry475324372
954Agronomy2755640
954Biological Oceanography2753022
954Toxicology375610
954Environmental Science5752134
954Pediatrics17585
968Ecology2742832
968Microbiology2744755
968Nutrition2741014
968Biology9741071
968Microbiology4742127
968Ecological Engineering2747742
968Sustainable Development2741711
975Education173129
975Biochemistry373108127
975Medical genetics1739147
975Agricultural Microbiology17315792
975Genetics17311
975Medical genetics17311
981Nutrition1722214
981Biology172143
981Education37233
981Food Science1727450
981Biomedical Sciences172176119
981Biomedical Sciences172227165
981Medical Technology1722918
988Biochemistry271220267
988Molecular Immunology117126
988Molecular Immunology117128
988Marine Biotechnology17111
992Biology2704048
992Cell Biology27088
992Microbiology1705736
992Biotechnology2707683
992Nutrition170112
992Clinical Nutrition17031
998Biology369598773
998Biotechnology2692527
998Biology169514446