References
What a Waste 2.0. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-a-waste/trends_in_solid_waste_management.html. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
https://www.statista.com/topics/4983/waste-generation-worldwide/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
https://www.statista.com/statistics/478928/leading-countries-by-per-capita-generated-municipal-waste/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
https://www.statista.com/statistics/916749/global-generation-of-municipal-solid-waste-by-country/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Basic Information about Landfill Gas. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gas. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Wang P, Wu D, You X, Su Y, Xie B (2021) Antibiotic and metal resistance genes are closely linked with nitrogen-processing functions in municipal solid waste landfills. J Hazard Mater 403:123689
Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooker AP, Baun A, Ledin A, Christensen TH (2002) Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 32(4):297–336
Anand U, Reddy B, Singh VK, Singh AK, Kesari KK, Tripathi P, Kumar P, Tripathi V, Simal-Gandara J (2021) Potential environmental and human health risks caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and emerging contaminants (ECs) from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. Antibiotics 10(4):374
Su Y, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Shi J, Wei H, Xie B, Shi H (2021) Microplastics act as vectors for antibiotic resistance genes in landfill leachate: the enhanced roles of the long-term aging process. Environ Pollut 270:116278
Annual report of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. http://164.100.24.220/loksabhaquestions/annex/171/AU4553.pdf. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1168458/india-number-of-landfills-by-state/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
India’s megacities, Mumbai and Delhi, sitting on a pile of waste. 2019. https://india.mongabay.com/2019/10/indias-megacities-mumbai-and-delhi-sitting-on-a-pile-of-waste/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Fighting mountains of garbage: here is how Indian cities dealt with landfill crisis in 2018, Banega Swachh India 2018 Special, Features, Landfill Crisis, Written By: Aastha Ahuja | Edited By: Sonia Bhaskar, January 03, 2019. https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/year-ender-2018-waste-management-landfill-how-indian-cities-dealt-with-landfill-crisis-29247/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Mountain of waste in Aravallis casts a shadow in villages nearby. 2019. https://india.mongabay.com/2019/10/mountain-of-waste-in-aravallis-casts-a-shadow-in-villages-nearby/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Bandhwari landfill: Haryana's mega-dump and its threat to the Aravallis. NDTV, Edited by Stela Dey. 2020. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bandhwari-landfill-haryanas-mega-dump-and-its-threat-to-the-aravallis-2301069. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Bandhwari landfill fire: citizen groups urge action over waste mismanagement. THE QUINT. 2021. https://www.thequint.com/news/india/bandhwari-landfill-fire-citizen-groups-urge-action-over-waste-mismanagement#read-more. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Status report on bio-remediation of Bandhwari Dumpsite, Haryana (O.A. No. 514/2018). https://greentribunal.gov.in/sites/default/files/news_updates/REPORT%20BY%20CPCB%20IN%20OA%20NO.%20514%20of%202018.pdf. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Remedial action for removal of legacy waste at Bandhwari landfill site. Original Application No. 514/2018 (Earlier O.A. No. 415/2015). http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Bandhwari-landfill-NGT-order-April7-2021.pdf. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Skitt J (ed) (1992) 1000 terms in solid waste management. International Solid Wastes Association, Copenhagen, Denmark
Westlake K (2014) Landfill waste pollution and control. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, Cambridge
Westlake K (1997) Sustainable landfill—possibility or pipe-dream? Waste Manag Res 15(5):453–461
Ali M, Cotton A, Westlake K (1999) Down to earth: solid waste disposal for low-income countries. WEDC, Loughborough University, Loughborough
Grossule V, Morello L, Cossu R, Lavagnolo MC (2018) Bioreactor landfills: comparison and kinetics of the different systems. Detritus 3:100–113
Warith M (2002) Bioreactor landfills: experimental and field results. Waste Manag 22(1):7–17
Brigagão GV, de Medeiros JL, Ofélia de Queiroz FA, Mikulčić H, Duić N (2021) A zero-emission sustainable landfill-gas-to-wire oxyfuel process: bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 138:110686
Srivastava AN, Chakma S (2020) Quantification of landfill gas generation and energy recovery estimation from the municipal solid waste landfill sites of Delhi, India. Energy Sources Part A Recov Util Environ Effects 1–14
Cross J-M (2013) Fact Sheet | Landfill Methane. https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-landfill-methane. Accessed 12 Aug 2021
Benson CH, Barlaz MA, Lane DT, Rawe JM (2007) Practice review of five bioreactor/recirculation landfills. Waste Manag 27(1):13–29
Ahamad MSS, Ahmad SZ (2020) Comprehensive spatial criteria and parameters for sustainable landfill site selection. In: IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, vol 540, no 1. IOP Publishing, p 012071
Donevska K, Jovanovski J, Gligorova L (2021) Comprehensive review of the landfill site selection methodologies and criteria. J Indian Inst Sci 1–13
Touze-Foltz N, Xie H, Stoltz G (2020) Performance issues of barrier systems for landfills: a review. Geotext Geomembr 49(2):475–488
McCreanor PT (1998) Landfill leachate recirculation systems: mathematical modeling and validation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Florida
Haydar MM, Khire MV (2005) Leachate recirculation using horizontal trenches in bioreactor landfills. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 131(7):837–847
Kumar G, Reddy KR (2021) Effects of leachate recirculation system variables on long-term bioreactor landfill performance using coupled thermo-hydro-bio-mechanical model. Int J Geomech 21(5):04021059
Simon FG, Müller WW (2004) Standard and alternative landfill capping design in Germany. Environ Sci Policy 7(4):277–290
Blair J, Mataraarachchi S (2021) A Review of Landfills, Waste and the Nearly Forgotten Nexus with Climate Change. Environments 8(8):73
Kumar V, Singh K, Shah MP, Kumar M (2021) Phytocapping: an eco-sustainable green technology for environmental pollution control. In: Bioremediation for environmental sustainability. Elsevier, pp 481–491
Lamb DT, Venkatraman K, Bolan N, Ashwath N, Choppala G, Naidu R (2014) Phytocapping: an alternative technology for the sustainable management of landfill sites. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 44(6):561–637
Australian Renewable Energy Agency (2020) Pilot Landfill Solar Project. https://arena.gov.au/projects/pilot-landfill-solar-project/. Accessed 12 Apr 2020
Lopes MM, Melián Cobas VR, Mambeli Barros R (2019) Electo Eduardo Silva Lora Energy potential using landfill biogas and solar photovoltaic system: a case study in Brazil. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 21:1587–1601
https://www3.epa.gov/ttnecas1/docs/eia_ip/solid-waste_eia_nsps_proposal_07-2014.pdf. Accessed 12 Aug 2021
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/22/how-the-garbage-industry-outperformed-the-market.html. Accessed 12 Aug 2021
Wagner TP, Raymond T (2015) Landfill mining: Case study of a successful metals recovery project. Waste Manag 45:448–457
https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.php?t=epmt_5_6_a
Sharma BK, Chandel MK (2021) Life cycle cost analysis of municipal solid waste management scenarios for Mumbai, India. Waste Manag 124:293–302
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/waste/bmc-rebate-for-waste-scheme-should-divert-waste-from-mumbai-s-landfills-69448. Accessed 9 Aug 2021
Balasubramanian M (2015) Economics of solid waste in India. Econ Polit Wkly 25:17–20
Yedla S, Parikh JK (2001) Economic evaluation of a landfill system with gas recovery for municipal solid waste management: a case study. Int J Environ Pollut 15(4):433–447
Wasteminster: a downing street disaster. Greenpeace. 2021. https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/wasteminster-downing-street-disaster/. Accessed 3 Aug 2021
Westra L, Wenz P (1995) Faces of environmental racism. Confronting issues of global justice. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD, USA
Zero Waste Home. https://zerowastehome.com/; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_waste#History. Accessed 15 Aug 2021
Weng YC, Fujiwara T, Houng HJ, Sun CH, Li WY, Kuo YW (2015) Management of landfill reclamation with regard to biodiversity preservation, global warming mitigation and landfill mining: experiences from the Asia-Pacific region. J Clean Prod 104:364–373
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krishnan, A. Mountains of Waste: Can Landfills Help Us Tackle Them?. J Indian Inst Sci 101, 503–508 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-021-00261-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-021-00261-1