Abstract
Inside and outside rearview mirrors provide drivers of motor vehicles a field of vision that is relevant for safe driving behavior in several driving situations. This is one of the reasons why mirrors are a legal requirement almost everywhere in the world. UN Regulation No. 46 is the first regulation that permits all mandatory mirrors for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and buses to be replaced by camera monitor systems (CMS). The amended regulation is based on the new international standard ISO 16505 “Ergonomic and performance aspects of Camera Monitor Systems—Requirements and test procedures”. This chapter describes the relevance and impact of vehicle regulations and standards on vehicle development. On this basis, the development process of standards and regulations is examined using the examples of ISO 16505 and UN Regulation No. 46. It then proceeds to analyze today’s regulatory constraints with regard to CMS for passenger cars and highlights the basic boundary conditions which have to be considered within the development process to ensure product compliance with the relevant regulations. The chapter concludes with an overview of how future activities could contribute to regulation and standardization of CMS.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
Arbeitsausschuss (Technical Committee)
- AC:
-
Administrative Committee
- ACEA:
-
European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association
- AIS:
-
Automotive Industry Standard
- AK:
-
Arbeitskreis (Working Group)
- ANSI:
-
American National Standards Institute
- BASt:
-
Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (Federal Highway Research Institute of the Republic of Germany)
- CD:
-
Committee Draft
- CEN:
-
European Committee for Standardization
- CENELEC:
-
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
- CFR:
-
Code of Federal Regulations
- CLEPA:
-
European Association of Automotive Suppliers
- CMS:
-
Camera Monitor System
- CMVR:
-
Central Motor Vehicle Rules
- CMVSS:
-
Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
- CS:
-
ISO Central Secretariat
- DIN:
-
Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standardization)
- DIS:
-
Draft International Standard
- DKE:
-
Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik in DIN und VDE (German Commission for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies of DIN and VDE)
- EC:
-
European Community
- ECE:
-
Economic Commission for Europe
- EMC:
-
Electromagnetic Compatibility
- EN:
-
European Standard
- ETSI:
-
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
- EU:
-
European Union
- FDIS:
-
Final Draft International Standard
- FMVSS:
-
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
- FTA:
-
Free Trade Agreement
- GB:
-
National Standard
- GEB:
-
Group of Experts on Noise
- GEE:
-
Group of Experts on Lighting and Light-Signaling
- GEPE:
-
Group of Experts on Pollution and Energy
- GERF:
-
Group of Experts on Brakes and Running Gear
- GESG:
-
Group of Experts on General Safety
- GESP:
-
Group of Experts on Passive Safety
- GR:
-
Groupe des Rapporteurs (Group of Experts)
- GRB:
-
Working Party on Vehicle Noise
- GRE:
-
Working Party on Lighting and Light-Signaling
- GRPE:
-
Working Party on Pollution and Energy
- GRPS:
-
Working Party on Passive Safety
- GRRF:
-
Working Party on Brakes and Running Gear
- GRSG:
-
Working Party on General Safety Provisions
- HMI:
-
Human Machine Interface
- IEC:
-
International Electrotechnical Commission
- IG:
-
Informal Group
- IS:
-
International Standard
- ISO:
-
International Organization for Standardization
- ITC:
-
Inland Transport Committee
- ITU:
-
International Telecommunication Union
- JAMA:
-
Japan Automobile Manufacturers’ Association
- JAPIA:
-
Japan Auto Parts Industries Association
- KBA:
-
Kraftfahrtbundesamt (German Federal Motor Transport Authority)
- KMVSS:
-
Korean Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
- MEMA:
-
Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association in the USA
- MLIT:
-
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
- MLTM:
-
Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
- MOLIT:
-
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
- MTF:
-
Modulation Transfer Function
- NA:
-
Normenausschuss Automobiltechnik (Automotive Standards Committee)
- NCAP:
-
New Car Assessment Program
- NGO:
-
Non-Governmental Organization
- NHTSA:
-
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
- NP:
-
New Work Item Proposal
- OICA:
-
Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers)
- PRC:
-
People’s Republic of China
- PWI:
-
Preliminary Work Item
- R.E.3.:
-
Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles
- SAE:
-
Society of Automotive Engineers
- SC:
-
Subcommittee
- TC:
-
Technical Committee
- TCMV:
-
Technical Committee Motor Vehicles
- TS:
-
Technical Specification
- UN:
-
United Nations
- UNECA:
-
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
- UNECE:
-
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
- UNECLAC:
-
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
- UNECOSOC:
-
United Nations Economic and Social Council
- UNESCAP:
-
United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific
- UNESCWA:
-
United Nations Economic Commission for Western Asia
- UNO:
-
United Nations Organization
- UN-R:
-
UN Regulation (annexed to the 1958 Agreement)
- USA:
-
United States of America
- VDA:
-
Verband der Automobilindustrie (German Automobile Industry Association)
- VDA NA:
-
VDA Normenausschuss Automobiltechnik (VDA Automotive Standards Committee)
- VDE:
-
Verband der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik und Informationstechnik (Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies)
- WG:
-
Working Group
- WP.29:
-
UNECE World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulation (formerly: UNECE Working Party 29)
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Esser, M. (2016). Standardization and Vehicle Regulation Aspects of Camera Monitor Systems. In: Terzis, A. (eds) Handbook of Camera Monitor Systems. Augmented Vision and Reality, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29611-1_2
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