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Non-formal education and economic growth in Nigeria: The need for a system-wide programme development framework

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Abstract

In the field of education, the non-formal education approach to fostering human proficiency in a wide range of skills is credited with having engendered the broadening of educational practice beyond formal schooling through the emergence of methods and techniques of basic education, administrative training and management science. In the field of economics, the relationship between national economic growth and upskilling the population is informed by two major dominant theoretical perspectives. The human capital approach considers the relationship between education and national economic growth from purely economic viewpoints, while the ecological development approach adopts a liberal stance and argues for a democratisation of educational opportunities. After reviewing this theoretical background, the authors of this article focus on the need to strengthen non-formal education in Nigeria with the aim of promoting national economic growth. They propose that the National Mass Literacy, Adult and Non-formal Education Commission (NMEC), launched in 1991, should be upgraded to a ministry of non-formal education. They argue that this kind of dedicated ministry is already operating successfully in many developing Asian and industrialised nations, serving to coordinate all basic education programmes with a special focus on citizens with low literacy. In Nigeria, the authors argue, such a ministry could provide training and retraining of all workers in both the public and private sectors of the economy, facilitate administrative training and executive management education as well as taking on responsibility for all continuing professional training programmes at all levels of the polity. The authors conclude their article by setting out the main elements of their proposed programme development framework for non-formal education.

Résumé

Éducation non formelle et croissance économique au Nigeria : nécessité d’un cadre de développement d’un programme s’étendant à tout le système – Dans le domaine de l’éducation, l’approche non formelle de l’éducation visant à cultiver la maîtrise d’un vaste ensemble de compétences est connue pour avoir provoqué l’élargissement de la pratique éducative au-delà de la scolarité formelle, grâce à l’émergence de méthodes et techniques d’éducation de base, de formation administrative et de science de la gestion. Dans le domaine de l’économie, le lien entre croissance économique nationale et développement des compétences de la population se fonde sur deux perspectives théoriques majeures. L’approche axée sur le capital humain, considère le rapport entre l’éducation et la croissance économique de points de vue purement économiques, tandis que l’approche axée sur le développement écologique adopte une position libérale et plaide en faveur d’une démocratisation des possibilités éducatives. Après s’être penchés sur ce contexte théorique, les auteurs du présent article se sont concentrés sur la nécessité de renforcer l’éducation non formelle au Nigeria en vue de promouvoir la croissance économique nationale. Ils proposent de faire de la Commission nationale pour l’alphabétisation de masse, l’éducation des adultes et l’éducation non formelle (National Mass Literacy, Adult and Non-formal Education Commission–NMEC), créée en 1991, un ministère de l’Éducation non formelle. Ils avancent que des ministères dédiés de ce type opèrent déjà avec succès dans nombre de pays d’Asie en développement et de nations industrialisées, où ils servent à coordonner tous les programmes d’éducation de base particulièrement axés sur les citoyens faiblement alphabétisés. Selon les auteurs, au Nigeria, un tel ministère pourrait fournir des formations professionnelles et de recyclage à l’ensemble de la main d’œuvre des secteurs public et privé, faciliter la formation administrative et l’enseignement de la gestion pour les cadres supérieurs, et être responsable de l’ensemble des programmes de formation continue à tous les niveaux de l’organisation politique. Ils concluent l’article en présentant les éléments essentiels du cadre qu’ils proposent pour le développement d’un programme d’éducation non formelle.

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Notes

  1. Nigeria’s National Commission for Mass Literacy, Adult and Non-Formal Education, (NMEC), which is the statutory Federal Government parastatal under the Federal Ministry of Education, was established in 1990 (FRN 1990) and took up operations in 1991. For more information, visit https://www.nmec.gov.ng/who_we_are.php.

  2. Established by the Federal Government of Nigeria in 1973, the Nigerian Centre for Management Development merged with the National Centre for Economic Management and Administration (NCEMA) in 2004. For more information, visit https://www.cmd.gov.ng/about_us.php.

  3. Administratively, Nigeria is divided into 36 federal states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The responsibility for delivering education is shared by the Nigerian government, federal state authorities and local governments.

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Acknowledgements

This article was developed from an idea originally proposed in a lecture held by the second author at the University of Nigeria on 31 March 2016 (Ngwu 2016).

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Correspondence to Ruphina U. Nwachukwu.

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Oyigbo, D.N., Ngwu, P.N.C. & Nwachukwu, R.U. Non-formal education and economic growth in Nigeria: The need for a system-wide programme development framework. Int Rev Educ 67, 687–709 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-021-09920-y

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