Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of Bacillus licheniformis supplementation on growth, intestine digestive, antioxidant and metabolic capacity, intestine short-chain fatty acids content, and intestine microbiota composition of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In total 2700 shrimp (initial weight 2.5 ± 0.1 g/shrimp) were randomly distributed into six tanks (450 shrimp/500-L tank) and fed at 28 ± 0.5 ℃ for 35 days (four times/day) with control diet and experimental diet supplemented with 108 CFU/g B. licheniformis, followed by an acute nitrite stress for 10 days. At the end of the feeding trial, shrimp dietary B. licheniformis showed improved weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate after nitrite stress, and decreased feed conversion rate compared to control group. And acetic acid and butyric acid content in the intestine of shrimp dietary B. licheniformis increased significantly except for propionic acid content. In addition, activities of amylase, lipase, and trypsin and activities of glutamine synthetase, hexokinase, and malate dehydrogenase increased significantly compared to control group. After shrimp were exposed to nitrite stress for 10 days, glutathione peroxidase, peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase levels were still higher in dietary B. licheniformis-shrimp, which showed that B. licheniformis enhanced the resistance to environmental stressor such as nitrite from the level of immune. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that B. licheniformis increased diversity and abundance of some bacteria. In particular, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes decreased, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased. These results revealed that B. licheniformis could improve the growth performance, increased intestine short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) content, change intestine digestive and metabolic enzyme activity, and regulated microbiota composition, so enhance the intestine antioxidant ability of shrimp subjected to nitrite stress, which is beneficial for shrimp aquaculture.
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We thank International Science Editing (http://www.internationalscienceediting.com) for editing the manuscript.
Funding
This study was supported by the fund for Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology Research, Innovation Team of Shrimps and Crabs (No. SDAIT-13), Chinese Modern Shrimp Industry Technology Research (No. CARS-48), and the Agricultural Improved Variety Project in Shandong Province-Breeding of Breakthrough New Prawn Varieties with High Quality and Resistance (2019LZGC014).
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Fan Ying: design research and conduct experiment, analyze data, and write articles.
Wang Xiaolu: design research and conduct experiment, analyze data, and write articles.
Wang Youhong: conduct experiment.
Ye Haibin: conduct experiment and analyze data.
Yu Xiaoqing: experimental assistant.
Wang Shuxian: guide analyze data about microstructure.
Diao Jing: guide the microstructure experiment and the writing.
Xu La: technical guidance about aquaculture experiment.
Gai Chunlei: analysis guidance.
Liu Hongjun: supervise and direct the whole experiment.
Ma Danping: guide article writing.
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Fan, Y., Wang, X., Wang, Y. et al. Effect of dietary Bacillus licheniformis on growth, intestinal health, and resistance to nitrite stress in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquacult Int 29, 2555–2573 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00764-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00764-9