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Potential risks from the accumulation of heavy metals in canola plants

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Abstract

Concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural land near highways are a major concern for humans. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination level of heavy metals in soil, canola crop, and the potential health risk for honeybee and human. The average concentrations (mg/kg) of Co (15.94), Cr (169.66), Ni (55.39), Mn (765.34) Hg (2.99), and Cu (51.31) were elevated beyond their background reference values in world soil average, while Pb (9.45) was below to their respective background levels. This was confirmed by contamination factor (CF) and ecological risk factors (Er). Heavy metal concentrations in different parts of canola decreased in the following order: Fe> Mn > Cr > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > Hg. Honey transfer factor (TFH) of heavy metals was less than unity except Ni and Hg. Human health (non-carcinogenic) risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil through potential exposure pathway (ingestion) recorded a dramatically increased risk for children (hazard index, HI=2.44). Hazard quotient via honey (HQH) consumption value of heavy metals were within the safe limits (HQ< 1). Probably, honeybees have a strong ability to transfer Co, Pb, Hg, and Mn (HQ> 1) from the canola to their hives during collecting pollen and nectar. HQ in honeybee workers from the consumption of honey can be used to derive HQ in humans using the hazard factor (HF). HF is 1481.482 (Pb), 2356.902 (Ni), and 3888.889 (Cr), respectively, for adult human (70kg) and 317.460 (Pb), 504.377(Ni), and 832.22 (Cr) for children (15kg).

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Abbreviations

CF:

Contamination factor

EF:

Enrichment factor

BF:

Bioaccumulation factor

TF:

Translocation factor

TFH :

Translocation factor for honey

TFP :

Translocation factor for pollen

HQ:

Hazard quotient

HQH :

Honey hazard quotient

HQP:

Pollen hazard quotient

HI:

Hazard index

ADD:

Average daily metal intake

EDI:

Estimated daily intake

ADI:

Accepted daily intake

HF:

Health factor

RI:

Potential ecological risk

PLI:

Pollution load index

RfD:

Oral daily intake reference dose

EDF:

Estimated daily factor

RDF:

Estimated reference daily factor

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Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledges the all stuff in Central Laboratory for soil, food and feedstuffs ISO-17025, Faculty of Development and Technology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, In particular Professor Mustafa Abdel-Rahim director of the Central Laboratory, for their collaboration in this research.

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  1. Plant Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Ahmed Ali Romeh

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Romeh, A.A. Potential risks from the accumulation of heavy metals in canola plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 52529–52546 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14330-6

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