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Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in ASEAN + 6 countries: a new look

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Abstract

This study examines the drivers of greenhouse gas emissions for 16 ASEAN + 6 countries during 1995–2014. The baseline model is built upon a theoretical framework that bridges and extends the STIRPAT model and the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Four types of emissions are considered for comparison and completeness. Panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed as the main estimation technique, while feasible general least square (FGLS) and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors estimations are employed as a robustness check. The findings support an integrated approach to reforming economic policies in order to tackle greenhouse gas emissions challenges.

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Notes

  1. Liddle, (2015) and Yeh et al., (2017) attempted to bridge the STIRPAT and EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) models by including the squared term of income in the model. To the best of the author’s knowledge, there has been no study that incorporates the N-shaped relationship between income and emissions in an extended version of the STIRPAT model.

  2. The CIPS test (Pesaran, 2007) stands for the cross-sectionally augmented IPS (CIPS) test based on Im et al.’s (2003) unit root test.

  3. The results of the cross-sectional dependence and unit root tests are not shown here to conserve space but are available upon request.

  4. The results of the VIF tests are not shown here to conserve space but are available upon request.

  5. The author would like to thank one anonymous reviewer for these insightful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fulbright School of Public Policy and Management, Fulbright University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thai-Ha Le

  2. IPAG Business School, Paris, France

    Thai-Ha Le

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Le, TH. Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in ASEAN + 6 countries: a new look. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 18096–18115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01429-6

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