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Human Papilloma Virus and Chlamydia trachomatis: Casual Acquaintances or Partners in Crime?

  • Influences of Hormones and Other Microorganisms on Genital Tract Pathogens (N Borel and R Schoborg, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Clinical Microbiology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Interactions between microorganisms can alter subsequent disease outcomes. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) establish human genital co-infections, and CT infection is a co-factor for HPV-induced cervical cancer. This review focuses upon (i) data indicating that clinically significant interactions occur and (ii) proposed mechanisms underlying these outcomes.

Recent Findings

Epidemiological surveys indicate that (i) simultaneous HPV/CT genital co-infections are common; (ii) CT co-infection accelerates HPV-induced cytopathology; and (iii) HPV infection facilitates CT infection. Single-infection studies suggest specific molecular mechanisms by which co-infection alters clinical outcomes, including (i) HPV E6/E7 protein modification of host cell pathways enhances CT replication or immune evasion and (ii) CT-mediated host cell or neutrophil dysfunctions promote HPV-mediated neoplasia.

Summary

There are multiple avenues for future dissection of HPV/CT interactions. Moreover, the known and potential health consequences of co-infection highlight the need for improving current HPV vaccines and developing an effective CT vaccine.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, as well as by an East Tennessee State University, Center for Infectious Disease, Inflammation and Immunity HIV Pilot Grant. We would also like to thank Dr. Jennifer Hall, Dr. Nicole Borel, and Dr. Russell Hayman for their helpful review of this manuscript.

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  1. Emerging Pathogens Institute and Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Jessica A. Slade

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Box 70577, Johnson City, TN, USA

    Robert V. Schoborg

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Influences of Hormones and Other Microorganisms on Genital Tract Pathogens

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Slade, J.A., Schoborg, R.V. Human Papilloma Virus and Chlamydia trachomatis: Casual Acquaintances or Partners in Crime?. Curr Clin Micro Rpt 6, 76–87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-019-00117-4

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