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Effect of whole body vibration training on bone mineral density and bone quality in adolescents with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

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Abstract

Summary

Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) have poorer bone health than their peers without DS. Twenty-five adolescents with DS were randomly assigned to whole-body vibration training (WBV) or control groups. The results indicate that a 20-week WBV might be useful to improve subtotal bone mineral content and density in adolescents with DS.

Introduction

This study aims to determine the effects of 20 weeks of whole body vibration training (WBV) on bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD), and structure variables in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS).

Methods

This randomized controlled trial of 25 adolescents (12–18 years) with DS (8 females) generated 2 non-equal groups, WBV group (n = 11) and CON group (n = 14). Using an efficacy analysis, the primary outcomes were BMC and BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the secondary were bone structure variables by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. A synchronous vibration platform (PowerPlate®) was used (3/week, 10 repetitions (30–60 s) 1-min rest, frequency of 25–30 Hz, and peak-to-peak displacement of 2 mm (peak acceleration 2.5–3.6 g)).

Results

WBV group improved whole body BMC 2.8 %, 95 % CI [3.5, 2.1], subtotal area, BMC, and BMD by 2.8, 4.8, and 2 %, respectively, 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) [3.4, 2.1], [6.5, 3.1], and [2.8, 1.1], respectively (all, p < 0.05), showing group by time interactions in BMC and BMD (both p < 0.05). Lumbar spine BMC and BMD also increased in the WBV group by 6.6 and 3.3 % both p < 0.05, 95 % CIs [8.6, 4.7], and [4.9, 1.7], respectively. Regarding bone structure, WBV group showed improvements in tibial BMC at 4 % (2.9 %, 95 % CI [3.0, 2.8]) and in volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical vBMD, and cortical thickness at 66 % of the radius (by 7.0, 2.4, and 10.9 %; 95 % CIs [7.4, 6.7], [2.6, 2.3], and [12.4, 9.3], respectively) (all, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

A 20-week WBV, with this protocol, might be useful to improve subtotal BMC and BMD in adolescents with DS.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the help of all of the adolescents and their parents who participated in the study for their understanding and dedication to the project. Specials thanks are given to Fundación Down Zaragoza and Special Olympics Aragón for their support. The authors also thank Alex R. Jenkins from the Aberystwyth University for his work of reviewing the English style and grammar. This work was supported by “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” “Plan Nacional I + D + i 2009–2011 (Project DEP 2009-09183).” This project has been co-financed by “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (MICINN-FEDER). AML received a Grant AP12-2854 from “Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deportes.”

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Conflicts of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna n° 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    A. Matute-Llorente, A. González-Agüero, A. Gómez-Cabello, G. Vicente-Rodríguez & J. A. Casajús

  2. Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain

    A. Matute-Llorente, G. Vicente-Rodríguez & J. A. Casajús

  3. Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK

    A. González-Agüero

  4. Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain

    A. Gómez-Cabello

  5. Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain

    H. Olmedillas

Authors
  1. A. Matute-Llorente
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  2. A. González-Agüero
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  5. G. Vicente-Rodríguez
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  6. J. A. Casajús
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. A. Casajús.

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Matute-Llorente, A., González-Agüero, A., Gómez-Cabello, A. et al. Effect of whole body vibration training on bone mineral density and bone quality in adolescents with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 26, 2449–2459 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3159-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3159-1

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