Abstract
Itch, the unpleasant sensation that evokes a desire to scratch, accompanies numerous skin and nervous system disorders. In many cases, pathological itch is insensitive to antihistamine treatment. Recent studies have identified members of the Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor (Mrgpr) family that are activated by mast cell mediators and promote histamine-independent itch. MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 act as receptors for the pruritogens chloroquine and BAM8–22, respectively. However, the signaling pathways and transduction channels activated downstream of these pruritogens are largely unknown. We found that TRPA1 is the downstream target of both MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 in cultured sensory neurons and heterologous cells. TRPA1 is required for Mrgpr-mediated signaling, as sensory neurons from TRPA1-deficient mice exhibited markedly diminished responses to chloroquine and BAM8–22. Similarly, TRPA1-deficient mice displayed little to no scratching in response to these pruritogens. Our findings indicate that TRPA1 is an essential component of the signaling pathways that promote histamine-independent itch.
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Acknowledgements
We thank M. Kollarik for advice on PCR, R. Brem for use of equipment, T. Morita for technical support, and R. Brem, J. Ngai, J. Sack, M. Tsunozaki, P. Aryal and M. Pellegrino for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. This study was supported by a US National Institutes of Health Innovator Award (DOD007123A), the Pew Scholars Program, the Rita Allen Foundation, and the McKnight Scholars Fund (D.M.B.), the National Science Foundation (S.R.W.), and a US National Institutes of Health grant (X.D.).
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S.R.W. and K.A.G. designed and carried out the cellular imaging, electrophysiology and PCR experiments. S.R.W. and A.B.-F. designed and implemented the behavioral studies. Q.L. and K.N.P. contributed to the cellular and behavioral studies. S.R.W., K.A.G. and D.M.B. wrote the manuscript. X.D. and D.M.B. provided advice and guidance.
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Supplementary Movie 1
Itch–evoked scratching in response to chloroquine injection. A wild type mouse displays robust scratching following subcutaneous injection of chloroquine (200 ug/10 μL, 40 mM) into the cheek. Movie displays a representative 15 second period of scratching, 5 minutes post-injection. (MOV 3213 kb)
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Wilson, S., Gerhold, K., Bifolck-Fisher, A. et al. TRPA1 is required for histamine-independent, Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor–mediated itch. Nat Neurosci 14, 595–602 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2789
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2789
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