Abstract
In the present paper, the basic fundamentals of photocatalysis are explained with the influence of the five main parameters which govern the kinetics: (i) mass of catalyst, (ii) wavelength, (iii) partial pression and/or concentrations of reactants, (iv) temperature (at a second degree) and (v) the radiant flux. The main types of photocatalytic reactions presently described (all performed at room temperature) concern (i) the selective mild oxidation of hydrocarbons, (ii) the hydrogen production and (iii) the total oxidation reactions of organics in presence of water. The last point constitutes the ensemble of the last recent developments in photocatalysis. Most of organic contaminants, including dangerous pesticides, can be easily totally degraded and mineralized.
Dyes are also not only decolorized, but mineralized in colored aqueous effluents. The most abundant ones (the azo-dyes) have their azo-group(s) –N=N– decomposed into N2(g), which represents an ideal decontamination case.
Photocatalytic engineering is under development, now using deposited titania in a fixed bed. Some (solar) photocatalytic pilot reactors and prototypes are described. The use of solar energy as a source of activating UV–A irradiation is described as a sub-discipline called “helio-photocatalysis”.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Photocatalysis and Environment, M. Schiavello ed. Kluwer Acad. Pub., Dordrecht, 1988
Photocatalysis, Fundamentals and Applications, N. Serpone and E. Pelizzetti eds Wiley, New York, 1989
Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air, D.F. Ollis and H. Al-Ekabi eds Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993
O. Legrini E. Oliveros A. Braun (1993) Chem.Rev 93 671 Occurrence Handle10.1021/cr00018a003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhsFektLc%3D
J.M. Herrmann (1999) Catal Today 17 7 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(93)80003-J
Bahnemann DW., Cunningham J., Fox MA., Pelizzetti E., P. Pichat and Serpone N., in: Aquatic Surface Photochemistry Zepp RG., G.R. Helz and D.G. Crosby (eds) (F.L. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, 1994), p. 261
R.W. Matthews (1984) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 IssueID80 457
Herrmann JM., in: Environmental Catalysis, F. Jansen and R.A. van Santen (eds) (Imperial College Press, London, Catalytic Science Series, 1999), p. 171
Herrmann J.M.. (2001). Helv Chim Acta 84: 2731 (Invited paper)
Photocatalysis Science and Technology, M. Kaneko and I. Okura eds Kodanska Springer (2002)
Blake DM., in: Bibliography of Work on Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air National Renewable Energy Laboratory ((NREL/TP-430-22197), Golden, 1999 and 2001)
H. Gerisher, in: Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment of Water and Air, D.F. Ollis and H. Al-Ekabi (eds) (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), p. 1
T. Uchijima J.M. Herrmann Y. Inoue R.L. Burwell SuffixJr J.B. Butt J.B. Cohen (1977) J Catal 50 464 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(77)90059-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXnvFOgtw%3D%3D
F. Juillet F. Lecomte H. Mozzanega S.J. Teichner A. Thévenet et P. Vergnon (1973) Faraday Discussion Symp Chem Soc 7 57 Occurrence Handle10.1039/fs9730700057 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXks1Gqs7c%3D
Malato S., Ph.D. Dissertation (Almeria University, Spain, 1997)
SM. Rodriguez (1999) Solar Photocatalytic Decomposition of Pentachlorophenol Dissolved on Water Coleccion Documentos CIEMAT Madrid
Rodriguez S.M., Galvez J.B., Herrmann J.M. Guest Editors in: Solar Catalysis for Water Decontamination, Catal. Today (Special Issue) 54 (1999) N°2–3
Pichat P., Herrmann J.M.,. Disdier J., Courbon H., Mozzanega M.N. (1982). Nouv J Chim. 5 (1981) 27 and ibid. 6 (1982) 53
H. Tahiri Y. A Ichou J.M. Herrmann (1998) J Photochem Photobiol A General 114 219
H. Courbon J.M. Herrmann P. Pichat (1985) J Catal 95 539 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(85)90132-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXmtVWmsbk%3D
Herrmann JM., in: Strong Metal-Support Interactions, Vol. 298, R.T.K. Baker, S.J. Tauster and J.A. Dumesic (eds) (ACS Symposium Series, 1986), p. 200
G. Pass A.B. Littlewood R.L. Burwell SuffixJr (1960) J Amer Chem Soc 82 6281 Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja01509a020
Burwell R.L Jr.,. Haller G.L, Taylor K.C., Read J.F. (1969). Advances in Catalysis, Vol. 20. Academic Press, New York. p. 1
R.L. Burwell Jr., Acc. Chem. Res., 2 (1969) 289: Catal. Rev. 7 (1972) 25
Y. Inoue J.M. Herrmann H. Schmidt R.L. Burwell SuffixJr J.B. Butt J.B. Cohen (1978) J Catal 53 401 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(78)90111-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXkvFGmurk%3D
J.M. Herrmann M. Gravelle-Rumeau-Mailleau P.C. Gravelle (1987) J Catal 104 136 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(87)90343-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXhsVCksr0%3D
Pichat P., Herrmann, in Ref. (2)
Turchi C., M. Mehos and J. Pacheco in Ref. (3), 789
R. Miller and R. Fox in Ref. (3), 573
JM. Herrmann J. Disdier M.N. Mozzanega P. Pichat (1979) J Catal 60 369 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(79)90161-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhvFOmu7s%3D
Herrmann JM., Courbon H., Disdier J., M.N. Mozzanega and P. Pichat, in: Studies in Surface Science Catalysis, Vol. 59, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, p. 675
H. Mozzanega J.M. Herrmann P. Pichat (1979) J Phys Chem 83 2251 Occurrence Handle10.1021/j100480a014 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXltFaqur0%3D
P. Pichat JM. Herrmann H. Courbon J. Disdier MN. Mozzanega (1982) Canad J Chem Eng 60 27 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL38XitFOjsrc%3D
W. Mu J.M. Herrmann P. Pichat (1989) Catal Lett 3 73 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00765057 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXmsVeqt7Y%3D
Herrmann JM., Mu W., Pichat P. (1990). Studies Surface Science Catalysis, Vol. 55. Elsevier, Amsterdam. p. 405
P. Pichat J. Disdier J.M. Herrmann P. Vaudano (1986) Nouv J Chim 10 545 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXisFKhuw%3D%3D
A. Zafra J. Garcia A. Milis X. Domenech (1991) J Mol Catal 70 343 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-5102(91)80129-Q Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XpsFCitA%3D%3D
Hori Y., Nakatsu A., Susuki S. (1985). Chem Lett. (1985) 1429
S.N. Frank AJ. Bard (1977) J Phys Chem 81 1484 Occurrence Handle10.1021/j100530a011 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXkslKhu7Y%3D
J.-M. Herrmann J. Disdier P. Pichat (1988) J Catal 113 72 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(88)90238-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlvVShs7Y%3D
S.N. Frank AJ. Bard (1977) J Am Chem Soc 99 303 Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja00443a081 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXotFGrtQ%3D%3D
H. Hidaka T. Nakamura A. Ishizaha M. Tsuchiya J. Zhao (1992) J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 66 367 Occurrence Handle10.1016/1010-6030(92)80009-K Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XltVSktb4%3D
CH. Pollema JL. Hendrix EB. Milosavljevic L Solujic JH. Nelson (1992) J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 66 235 Occurrence Handle10.1016/1010-6030(92)85217-I Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XltVSktLs%3D
J.-M. Herrmann J. Disdier P. Pichat (1986) J Phys Chem 90 6028 Occurrence Handle10.1021/j100280a114 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28XlvVWgtrY%3D
E. Borgarello N. Serpone G. Eno R. Harris E. Pelizzetti C. Minero (1986) Inorg Chem 25 4499 Occurrence Handle10.1021/ic00245a010 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXhtFWjsQ%3D%3D
E. Borgarello R. Harris N. Serpone (1985) Nouv J Chim 9 743 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xhtl2itb0%3D
N. Serpone E. Borgarello M. Barbeni E. Pelizzetti P. Pichat J.-M. Herrmann MA. Fox (1987) J Photochem 36 373 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0047-2670(87)80027-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXhs1Gqtrs%3D
Stadler K.H., Boehm HP., in: Proc. 8th Inter. Congr. Catal., Vol. IV, (Dechema, Frankfurt, 1984), p. 803
W.W. Dunn AJ. Bard (1981) Nouv J Chim 5 651 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL38XhsV2ku74%3D
S. Sato (1985) J Catal 92 11 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(85)90232-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXhtl2lu74%3D
J.-M. Herrmann, J. Disdier and Pichat P., in: Preparation of Catalysts IV, Delmon B., Grange P., P.A. Jacobs and G. Poncelet (eds) (Elseiver, Amsterdam, 1987), p. 285
J.-M. Herrmann J. Disdier P. Pichat A. Fernandez A. Gonzalez-Elipe G. Munuera C. Leclercq (1991) J Catal 132 490 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0021-9517(91)90165-Z Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXms1Cgs7o%3D
H. Tahiri N. Serpone R. Levan Mao (1996) J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 93 199 Occurrence Handle10.1016/1010-6030(95)04195-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhtlWntLg%3D
N. Serpone Y.K. Ah-You TP. Tran R. Harris E. Pelizzetti H. Idaka (1987) Solar Energy 39 491 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-092X(87)90056-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXmsFylsw%3D%3D
K. Tanaka K. Harada S. Murata (1986) Solar Energy 36 159 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-092X(86)90121-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL28XhtF2rsrc%3D
R. Amadelli A. Maldotti S. Sostero V. Carassitti (1991) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 87 3267 Occurrence Handle10.1039/ft9918703267 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmsVeksL8%3D
J.C. D’Oliveira G. Al-Sayyed P. Pichat (1990) Environ Sci Technol 24 990 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es00077a007 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXktFWrtL4%3D
G. Al-Sayyed J.C. D’Oliveira P. Pichat (1991) ArticleTitleJ Photochem Photobiol A Chem 58 99 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXkvVWqsL8%3D
C. Maillard-Dupuy C. Guillard P. Pichat (1994) New J Chem 18 941 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmtFamsb4%3D
C. Maillard C. Guillard P. Pichat (1992) New J Chem 16 821 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xmtl2gs7w%3D
L. Amalric C. Guillard N. Serpone P. Pichat (1993) J Environ Sci Health A 28 1393
Pichat P., D’Oliveira J.C., Maffre J.F., Mas D., in Ref. 3 (1993), p. 683
JM. Herrmann J. Disdier P. Pichat S. Malato J. Blanco (1998) Appl Catal B Environ 17 15 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-3373(97)00098-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXis1Omtr8%3D
Kerzhentsev M., Guillard C., Herrmann J.M., Pichat P., in Ref. 3 (1993), p. 601
M. Kerzhentsev C. Guillard J.-M. Herrmann P. Pichat (1996) Catal Today 27 215 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0920-5861(95)00190-5 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhtF2hsbc%3D
E. Pelizzetti V. Maurino C. Minero O. Zerbinati E. Borgarello (1989) Chemosphere 18 1437 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0045-6535(89)90035-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXkvFarurs%3D
G.K.C. Low S.R. Mc Evoy RW. Matthews (1991) Environ Sci Technol 25 460 Occurrence Handle10.1021/es00015a013 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXovVansg%3D%3D
K. Harada T. Hisanaga K. Tanaka (1987) New J Chem 11 598
K. Harada T. Hisanaga K. Tanaka (1990) Wat Res 24 1415 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0043-1354(90)90162-Y Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXhtFKisg%3D%3D
M. Abdullah G.K.C. Low RW. Matthews (1990) J Phys Chem 94 6820 Occurrence Handle10.1021/j100380a051 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXltVKisbY%3D
Bui TH., C. Guillard and J.M. Herrmann (unpublished results)
Hoffmann MR., W. Balserski and Moss J., 2nd NIMS Int. Conf. on Photocatalysis: Fundamental and Applications; Books of Abstracts (2004), p. 43
H. Lachheb E. Puzenat A. Houas M. Ksibi E. Elaloui C. Guillard JM. Herrmann (2002) Appl Catal B Environ 39 75 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00078-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xms1ygu7Y%3D
M. Karkmaz E. Puzenat C. Guillard JM. Herrmann (2004) Appl Catal B 51 183 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.02.009 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXks1Cisrk%3D
J.-M. Herrmann J. Disdier P. Pichat (1984) Chem Phys Lett 108 618 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0009-2614(84)85067-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXltlCjur4%3D
Pichat P., Herrman JM., Disdier J., M.-N. Mozzanega and H. Courbon, in: Catalysis on the Energy Scene, S. Kaliaguine et and A. Mahay (eds) (1984), p. 319, Elsevier, Amsterdam
H.G. Völz G. Kaempf H.G. Fitzky A. Klaeren (1981) ACS symp Ser 151 163
(a) Hoffmann MR., W. Bakserski and Moss J., in: Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications, NIMS (ed.) (Book of Abstracts, 2004), p. 42. (b) Guillard C., J-M. Herrmann, Chevrier JP., C. Bertrand and E. Philibert (French patent no. 0403448, 2004)
(a) Matrix Photocatalytic Inc., London, Ont., Canada. (b) Purifics Environmental Technologies Inc., London, Ont., Canada
Blake DM., in: Alternative Fuels and the Environment, Sterrett F., (ed.) (Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, 1994), p. 175 and References therein
Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), Spain
D. Bockelmann D. Weichgrebe R. Goslich D. Bahnemann (1995) Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 38 441 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0927-0248(95)00005-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXotVegs7Y%3D
Blanco J., S. Malato and Richter C., in: Solar Thermal Test Facilities (Solar PACES Report III, 1996), p. 145
D. Curco S. Malato J. Blanco J. Jimenez P. Marco (1996) Solar Energy 56 387 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-092X(96)00022-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsVWqu7c%3D
S. Malato J. Blanco C. Richter D. Curco J. Gimenez (1997) Water Sci Technol 35 157 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00021-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitFykurc%3D
C. Minero E. Pelizzetti S. Malato J. Blanco (1996) Solar Energy 56 421 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-092X(96)00029-1 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsVajsrw%3D
C. Minero E. PelizzettiI S. Malato J. Blanco (1996) Solar Energy 56 411 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-092X(96)00028-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsVajsr8%3D
R. Goslich R. Dillert D. Bahnemann (1997) Water Sci Technol 35 137 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00019-X Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitFykurs%3D
S. Malato C. Richter J. Blanco M. Vincent (1996) Solar Energy 56 401 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0038-092X(96)00023-0
S. Malato J. Blanco C. Richter B. Braun MI. Maldonado (1998) Appl Catal B Environ 17 347 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-3373(98)00019-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXltFWks7g%3D
O. Levenspiel (1972) Chemical Reaction Engineering John Wiley New York 175
C. Guillard J. Disdier C. Monnet J. Dussaud S. Malato J. Blanco M.I. Maldonado JM. Herrmann (2003) Appl Catal B Environ 46 319 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0926-3373(03)00264-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotVWls7g%3D
European Program AQUACAT: N° ICA3 – CT – 2002-10016, http://aquacat.univ-lyon1.fr/ (2003–2005)
European Program SOLWATER: N° ICA4 – CT – 2002-10001, http://www.psa.es/webeng/solwater/index.html (2002–2005)
GL. Fisher D.P.Y. Chang M. Brummer (1976) Science 192 553 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE28Xlt12ltLc%3D
Casado J., J.M. Herrmann and Pichat P., in: Transport and Transformation of pollutants in the Troposphere, P. Borrell et al. (eds) (SPB Acad. Pub BV, The Hague, 1991), p. 307
C. Guillard H. Delprat C. Hoang-Van P. Pichat (1993) J Atm Chem 16 47 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00696624 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhtVyksL4%3D
H. Wise KM. Sancier (1991) Catal Lett 11 277 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00764318 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhtFeit7Y%3D
Mansot JL., J.M. Herrmann and Lasnier B., 33° Colloque Soc. Fr. Microscopie Electronique, Lyon, Book of Abstracts, (1993), p. 38
J.M. Herrmann JL. Mansot (2000) Entropie 228 60
A. Fujishima (1995) Look Jpn 41 47
A. Heller (1995) Acc Chem Res 28 503 Occurrence Handle10.1021/ar00060a006 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpsVGisLs%3D
Romeas V., Thèse de Doctorat de l’Université Lyon I, n° 98/134, (1998)
V. Romeas P. Pichat C. Guillard T. Chopin C. Lehaut (1999) New J Chem 23 365 Occurrence Handle10.1039/a901342c Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVGjsrk%3D
JM. Herrmann (1998) Appl Catal B Environ News Brief 17 N7
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Herrmann, J.M. Heterogeneous photocatalysis: state of the art and present applications In honor of Pr. R.L. Burwell Jr. (1912–2003), Former Head of Ipatieff Laboratories, Northwestern University, Evanston (Ill).. Top Catal 34, 49–65 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-005-3788-2
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-005-3788-2