Abstract
[NiFe] hydrogenases catalyze the reversible heterolytic cleavage of molecular hydrogen. Several oxidized, inactive states of these enzymes are known that are distinguishable by their very different activation properties. So far, the structural basis for this difference has not been understood because of lack of relevant crystallographic data. Here, we present the crystal structure of the ready Ni-B state of Desulfovibrio fructosovorans [NiFe] hydrogenase and show it to have a putative μ-hydroxo Ni–Fe bridging ligand at the active site. On the other hand, a new, improved refinement procedure of the X-ray diffraction data obtained for putative unready Ni-A/Ni-SU states resulted in a more elongated electron density for the bridging ligand, suggesting that it is a diatomic species. The slow activation of the Ni-A state, compared with the rapid activation of the Ni-B state, is therefore proposed to result from the different chemical nature of the ligands in the two oxidized species. Our results along with very recent electrochemical studies suggest that the diatomic ligand could be hydro–peroxide.
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Abbreviations
- DFT:
-
Density functional theory
- ENDOR:
-
Electron–nuclear double resonance
- EPR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- ESRF:
-
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- EXAFS:
-
Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
- FT:
-
Fourier transform
- PEG:
-
Poly(ethylene glycol)
- TLS:
-
Translation–libration–screw
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Acknowledgements
We thank Claude Hatchikian for providing us with aerobically purified enzyme preparations, Yaël Montet for initial crystallographic analyses of the S499A mutant of D. fructosovorans hydrogenase, Jacques Gaillard for performing EPR measurements of the anaerobically purified enzyme, Dominique Bourgeois for use of his “cryo-bench” to perform UV/vis measurements of crystals, Andy Thompson, Gordon Leonard and Julien Lescar for their help with data collection at the ESRF and Patricia Amara and Fraser Armstrong for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the CEA, the CNRS and the European Union BIOTECH Program, grant BIO4-98-0280. Atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, with deposition codes IYQY (crystal A1), IYQN (crystal A2) and IYRQ (Ni-B state).
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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-005-0663-3
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Volbeda, A., Martin, L., Cavazza, C. et al. Structural differences between the ready and unready oxidized states of [NiFe] hydrogenases. J Biol Inorg Chem 10, 239–249 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-005-0632-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-005-0632-x