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Exploring genotype × environment interaction in Robusta coffee for growth and yield stability under tropical environments

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Abstract

Agronomic performance of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is affected by genotype by environment interaction, which demands multi-environment testing of genotypes to identify superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate genetic parameters and analyze the effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype by environment (G × E) interaction on growth and yield traits of C. canephora genotypes, (2) identify superior genotypes that exhibit high stability by combining high growth and yield with broad or specific environmental adaptation, and (3) identify environments that best represent the target environment for high trait expression. Thirty-nine C. canephora hybrids were evaluated using a randomized-complete-block design with three replications at New Tafo-Akim and Bechem in the Eastern and Ahafo regions of Ghana, respectively. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p < 0.001) differences among G, E, and G × E interaction effects for all traits. AMMI2 biplot analysis revealed the presence of 3, 2, 3, 2, and 3 mega environments for trunk cross-sectional area, height, span, number of laterals, and yield, respectively. Identifying mega environments for these traits will help expedite Robusta coffee breeding through the reduction of the number of test environments needed for phenotype evaluations. The AMMI analyses indicated genotypes G17 (E138 × C180), G35 (PA193 × C180), G4 (197 × PA413), G1 (149 × C193) and G30 (E152 × 149) have high and stable yields across all test environments. The promising candidate genotypes are recommended for further stability tests and release in Ghana or comparable environments.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financed by the Ghana Cocoa Board. The authors gratefully thank the field and technical staff of the Plant Breeding Division of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), for their support and assistance, especially Mr. Lawrence Offei, Mr. Prince Mensah, Mr. Williams Ofosu, Mrs. Diana Ohene-Asare, and Mrs. Gifty Amoako. We also thank Mr. Lewis Baah of the Agronomy Division of CRIG for generating the map showing the locations where the experiment was carried out. This paper is published with the kind permission of the Executive Director of CRIG as manuscript number CRIG/02/2022/034/010.

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  1. Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, ER, Ghana

    Abraham Akpertey, Paul Kwasi Krah Adu-Gyamfi, Abu Mustapha Dadzie, Daniel Nyadanu & Atta Ofori

  2. Seed Production Division, Ghana Cocoa Board, P. O. Box 3197, Accra, Ghana

    Esther Anim-Kwapong

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Akpertey, A., Anim-Kwapong, E., Adu-Gyamfi, P.K.K. et al. Exploring genotype × environment interaction in Robusta coffee for growth and yield stability under tropical environments. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 26, 179–197 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-022-00171-3

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