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Teriflunomide Loaded SPION Nanoparticles Induced Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

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Abstract

Introduction

Teriflunomide (TFN), an immunomodulatory drug, has demonstrated cytotoxic effects in recent studies. This potential can be combined with nano-drug delivery to achieve an improved anticancer formulation.

Methods

In this study, super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were coated with polydopamine (PD-SPIONs) and used to deliver TFN to the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology. The cytotoxicity of PD-SPIONs, free-TFN and TFN loaded PD-SPIONs was investigated on the cell lines. MDA-MB-231 cells were examined for TP53 and BAX gene expression, cellular apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis.

Methods

In this study, super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were coated with polydopamine (PD-SPIONs) and used to deliver TFN to the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology. The cytotoxicity of PD-SPIONs, free-TFN and TFN loaded PD-SPIONs was investigated on the cell lines. MDA-MB-231 cells were examined for TP53 and BAX gene expression, cellular apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis.

Results

Nanoparticles with the size of 163 ± 8 nm and zeta potential of − 38 ± 4 mv were obtained. In comparison to cells treated with free-TFN, cells treated with TFN loaded PD-SPIONs showed significantly higher cytotoxicity. TFN loaded PD-SPIONs treated cells showed significant increase in TP53 (P \(<\) 0.001) and BAX (P \(<\) 0.01) gene expressions compared to free-TFN treated cells. MDA-MB-231 cells also showed an increased percentage of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the S and G2 phases.

Conclusion

The designed TFN loaded nanoparticles showed promising potentials that can be considered in future breast cancer therapy research.

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Acknowledgements

The authors greatly appreciate the staffs of school of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Science and Research Branch, Azad Islamic University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Tina Rabizadeh, Negin Pazouki & Shiva Irani

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reyhaneh Varshochian

  3. Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran

    Reyhaneh Varshochian, Mahsa Rezaei, Mahsa Zardkanlou & Rassoul Dinarvand

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran

    Athar Mahdieh, Mahsa Rezaei, Mahsa Zardkanlou & Rassoul Dinarvand

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Rabizadeh, T., Varshochian, R., Mahdieh, A. et al. Teriflunomide Loaded SPION Nanoparticles Induced Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. J Clust Sci 34, 1511–1525 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-022-02327-1

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