Usefulness of Hounsfield Units and the Serum Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Cohort
2.2. Data Collection: Clinicopathological, Laboratory, Radiologic, and Survival Data
2.2.1. Clinicopathological and Laboratory Data
2.2.2. Radiologic Data: CT Imaging Protocol
2.2.3. Radiologic Data: Evaluation of the Hounsfield Units
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinicopathologic Findings
3.2. RFI Disadvantage of TAR > 0.27 and NLR > 1.61
3.3. TAR and NLR as Independent Risk Factors
3.4. Combined TAR and NLR Produced a Significant Independent Prognostic Factor, High-High
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ASCO/CAP | the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists |
AUROC | the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve |
CT | computed tomography |
ER | estrogen receptor |
HER2 | Human epidermal receptor 2 |
HU | Hounsfield units |
KM | Kaplan–Meier |
LN | lymph node |
NLR | neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio |
OS | overall survival |
PR | progesterone receptor |
RFI | recurrence-free interval |
ROIs | the regions of interest |
TAR | tumor-to-aorta ratio of HUs on contrast enhanced CT scan |
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Variables | Subgroup | N = 740 |
---|---|---|
* Age (years) | 54.3 ± 11.3 (25–89) | |
* Tumor size(cm) | 2.5 ± 1.8 (0.1–15.0) | |
T stage | ||
T1 | 343 (46.4) | |
T2 | 276 (37.3) | |
T3 | 46 (6.2) | |
Unknown | 75 (10.1) | |
* Positive N | 1.5 ± 4.6 (0–36) | |
N stage | ||
N0 | 467 (63.1) | |
N1 | 145 (19.6) | |
N2 | 60 (8.1) | |
N3 | 35 (4.7) | |
Unknown | 33 (4.5) | |
ER | ||
Positive | 464 (62.7) | |
Negative | 247 (33.4) | |
Unknown | 29 (3.9) | |
Total | 740 (100) | |
PR | ||
Positive | 393 (53.1) | |
Negative | 318 (43.0) | |
Unknown | 29 (3.9) | |
Total | 740 (100) | |
HER2 | ||
Negative | 519 (70.1) | |
Positive | 189 (25.5) | |
Unknown | 32 (4.4) | |
Total | 740 (100) |
Variables | Mean SD (Minimum–Maximum) |
---|---|
Pre-contrast HU | 55.37 ± 23.60 (14.0–211.0) |
Post-contrast HU | 115.68 ± 32.60 (18.0–283.0) |
Aorta HU | 338.62 ± 50.91 (204.0–602.0) |
TAR | 0.348 ± 0.108 (0.062–1.11) |
Neutrophil (E9/L) | 3.90 ± 1.66 (0.73–13.50) |
Lymphocyte (E9/L) | 1.94 ± 0.70 (0.33–4.38) |
NLR | 2.29 ± 1.53 (0.61–10.47) |
Variables | High-High | Non-High-High | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 51.96 ± 11.54 | 56.96 ± 10.67 | <0.001 | |
Tumor size | 2.76 ± 2.11 | 2.25 ± 1.41 | <0.001 | |
Metastases to LN | 2.12 ± 5.14 | 1.37 ± 3.74 | 0.03 | |
ER | 0.018 | |||
Positive | 230 | 231 | ||
Negative | 146 | 100 | ||
PR | 0.172 | |||
Positive | 199 | 193 | ||
Negative | 177 | 138 | ||
HER2 | 0.202 | |||
Negative | 266 | 249 | ||
Positive | 108 | 81 |
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Hahn, S.; Kim, K.-M.; Kim, M.-J.; Choi, H.-S.; Noh, H.; Cho, I.-J.; Lim, S.-T.; Lee, J.-I.; Han, A. Usefulness of Hounsfield Units and the Serum Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 3322. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143322
Hahn S, Kim K-M, Kim M-J, Choi H-S, Noh H, Cho I-J, Lim S-T, Lee J-I, Han A. Usefulness of Hounsfield Units and the Serum Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer. Cancers. 2022; 14(14):3322. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143322
Chicago/Turabian StyleHahn, Seok, Kwang-Min Kim, Min-Ju Kim, Hyang-Suk Choi, Hany Noh, In-Jeong Cho, Seung-Taek Lim, Jong-In Lee, and Airi Han. 2022. "Usefulness of Hounsfield Units and the Serum Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer" Cancers 14, no. 14: 3322. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143322