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Body Composition, Basal Metabolic Rate, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Other Surrogate Measures as Biomarkers in Nutrition: Applications to Anorexia Nervosa

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Biomarkers in Nutrition

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Abstract

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by dietary restriction and severe malnutrition, as well as by many psychological disturbances. The awareness of AN has risen in the last decades among scientists of different disciplines. It is undeniable that ΑΝ has the highest mortality rate of all mental disorders. There is no doubt that ΑΝ has the highest mortality rate of all mental disorders. In the treatment of this disorder, nutritional recovery and weight restoration are premature goals. It seems that nutritional status influences both the effectiveness of an intervention’s programs and the general health of this population, and it is often the result of interrelated factors. Experts should consider that while weight restoration is a critical part of AN treatment, changes in body composition, energy, and nutrient needs during weight recovery as well as weight maintenance should also be taken into consideration. This chapter attempts to describe suggested biomarkers related to energy requirements as a means of selecting the most appropriate and reliable methods of nutritional assessment.

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Abbreviations

%BF:

Body fat percentage

2C:

Two-compartment model

3C:

Three-compartment model

4C:

Four-compartment model

AN:

Anorexia nervosa

APA:

American Psychiatric Association

BC:

Body composition

BIA:

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis or Bioimpedance Analysis

BMR:

Basal metabolic rate

CSA:

Cross-sectional area

CT:

Computed tomography

DR:

24-hour dietary recall

DXA:

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

ED:

Eating disorders

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FFM:

Fat-free mass

FFQ:

Food frequency questionnaire

FM:

Fat mass

Pha:

Phase angle

REE:

Resting energy expenditure

SAT:

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

ST:

Skinfold thicknesses

TBW:

Total body water

VAT:

Visceral adipose tissue

WC:

Waist circumference

WHtR:

Waist-to-height ratio

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Schools of Physical Education and Sports Science (Serres), Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Koidou Eirini & Dolopikou F. Christina

  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dolopikou F. Christina, Voulgaridou Gavriela & Papadopoulou K. Sousana

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  3. Voulgaridou Gavriela
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  4. Papadopoulou K. Sousana
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Correspondence to Papadopoulou K. Sousana .

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  1. Biomedical Science, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Franklin-Wilkins Bldg, Rm 4.101, 4th Fl, Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Health Sci, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Eirini, K., Christina, D.F., Gavriela, V., Sousana, P.K. (2022). Body Composition, Basal Metabolic Rate, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Other Surrogate Measures as Biomarkers in Nutrition: Applications to Anorexia Nervosa. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Nutrition . Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_65-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_65-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-81304-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-81304-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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