Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity on Healthy and Tumorigenic Cell Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Leaf and Stems Aqueous Extracts
2.2. Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
2.3. Physico-Chemical Characterization
2.4. In Vitro Model–Cell Culturing Protocol
2.5. Alamar Blue Assay–Cell Viability Assessment
2.6. LDH Release Method–Cytotoxicity Test
2.7. 4′,6- Diamidino-2-Phenylindole (DAPI) Staining–Evaluation of Apoptosis Markers
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physico-Chemical Characterization of IONPs
3.1.1. Structural IONPs Characterization (XRD)
3.1.2. Thermal Behavior
3.1.3. FTIR Investigations
3.1.4. SEM-EDX Analysis
3.1.5. TEM Analysis
3.1.6. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Measurement
3.1.7. XRF Analysis
3.2. In Vitro Screening of Fe2O3 NPs
3.2.1. Cell Viability Assessment by Means of Alamar Blue Colorimetric Test
3.2.2. Cytotoxicity Evaluation via LDH Release Method
3.2.3. Apoptotic Markers Detection through 4′,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole (DAPI) Staining
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Diameter [nm] | Total Counts |
---|---|---|
WL 1_Fe2O3 NPs | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 59 |
WL 2_Fe2O3 NPs | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 31 |
WS 1_Fe2O3 NPs | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 51 |
WS 2_Fe2O3 NPs | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 83 |
Aqueous Suspension | Hd [nm] | PDI |
---|---|---|
WL 1_Fe2O3 NPs | 8943 | 0.689 |
WL 2_Fe2O3 NPs | 1048 | 0.473 |
WS 1_Fe2O3 NPs | 244 | 0.449 |
WS 2_Fe2O3 NPs | 309 | 0.366 |
Sample | Ca | Ti | Cr | Mn | Fe | Ni | Cu | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WL 1_Fe2O3 NPs | 0.074 | 0.015 | 0.022 | 0.109 | 45.819 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.004 |
WL 2_Fe2O3 NPs | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.021 | 0.118 | 45.871 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
WS 1_Fe2O3 NPs | - | 0.009 | 0.032 | 0.051 | 54.591 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.005 |
WS 2_Fe2O3 NPs | 0.061 | 0.010 | 0.026 | 0.144 | 58.872 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
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Moacă, E.-A.; Watz, C.G.; Flondor, D.; Păcurariu, C.; Tudoran, L.B.; Ianoș, R.; Socoliuc, V.; Drăghici, G.-A.; Iftode, A.; Liga, S.; et al. Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity on Healthy and Tumorigenic Cell Lines. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122012
Moacă E-A, Watz CG, Flondor D, Păcurariu C, Tudoran LB, Ianoș R, Socoliuc V, Drăghici G-A, Iftode A, Liga S, et al. Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity on Healthy and Tumorigenic Cell Lines. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(12):2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122012
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoacă, Elena-Alina, Claudia Geanina Watz, Daniela Flondor (Ionescu), Cornelia Păcurariu, Lucian Barbu Tudoran, Robert Ianoș, Vlad Socoliuc, George-Andrei Drăghici, Andrada Iftode, Sergio Liga, and et al. 2022. "Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Physico-Chemical Characterization and Their In Vitro Cytotoxicity on Healthy and Tumorigenic Cell Lines" Nanomaterials 12, no. 12: 2012. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122012