Abstract
TB has been considered as most lethal disease globally for 3 consecutive years by WHO. It is an age-old disease affecting humans since thousands of years. TB (tuberculosis) typically affects lungs, but it can spread to other sites and cause tuberculosis at extrapulmonary sites (1–3%). Spinal TB accounts for 50% of extrapulmonary TB cases with most common area affected being thoracolumbar junction. Kyphotic spinal deformity is most commonly due to tuberculosis. This chapter deals with epidemiology of TB and spinal TB. We provided data of TB from Western and Asian regions. Incidence and prevalence of spinal TB, MDR (multidrug resistant), and XDR-TB (extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis) in various groups of population are provided.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Janse Van Rensburg A, Dube A, Curran R, Ambaw F, Murdoch J, Bachmann M, et al. Comorbidities between tuberculosis and common mental disorders: a scoping review of epidemiological patterns and person-centred care interventions from low-to-middle income and BRICS countries. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020 Jan 15;9(1):4.
High burden for TB list [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/high_tb_burdencountrylists2016-2020summary.pdf?ua=1
Byng-Maddick R, Noursadeghi M. Does tuberculosis threaten our ageing populations? BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2016 Mar 11 [cited 2021 Jan 21];16. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4787032/
Garg RK, Somvanshi DS. Spinal tuberculosis: a review. J Spinal Cord Med. 2011 Sep;34(5):440–54.
Castro KG. Tuberculosis as an opportunistic disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1995 Aug;21(Suppl 1):S66–71.
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2020 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 22]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/336069/9789240013131-eng.pdf
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2016 [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2020 Dec 22]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/gtbr2016_executive_summary.pdf?ua¼1
Lee D. Annual report on the notified tuberculosis patients in Korea. Cheongju Korea Cent Dis Control Prev. 2013;
Sandgren A, Hollo V, van der Werf MJ. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the European Union and European Economic Area, 2002 to 2011. Euro Surveill Bull Eur Sur Mal Transm Eur Commun Dis Bull. 2013 Mar;21:18(12).
Garg D, Goyal V. Spinal Tuberculosis Treatment: An Enduring Bone of Contention. Ann Indian Acad Neurol Jul-Aug. 2020;23(4):441–8.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Tuberculosis (TB) Data and Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Internet]. 2016. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/default.htm
Ramos RD la G, Goodwin CR, Abu-Bonsrah N, Bydon A, Witham TF, Wolinsky J-P, et al. The epidemiology of spinal tuberculosis in the United States: an analysis of 2002–2011 data. J Neurosurg Spine SPI 2017 Apr 1;26(4):507–512.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Tuberculosis (TB) Data and Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Internet]. 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/statistics/tbtrends.htm
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). UNAIDS data 2017. Geneva UNAIDS; 2017. p. 1–248.
Sterling TR, Pham PA, Chaisson RE. HIV infection-related tuberculosis: clinical manifestations and treatment. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2010 May;50(Suppl 3):S223–30.
Sayarlioglu M, Inanc M, Kamali S, Cefle A, Karaman O, Gul A, et al. Tuberculosis in Turkish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: increased frequency of extrapulmonary localization. Lupus. 2004;13(4):274–8.
Bhattacharya PK, Jamil M, Roy A, Talukdar KK. SLE and Tuberculosis: A Case Series and Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res JCDR. 2017 Feb;11(2):OR01–3.
Balbi GGM, Machado-Ribeiro F, Marques CDL, Signorelli F, Levy RA. The interplay between tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018 Jul;30(4):395–402.
Harries AD, Satyanarayana S, Kumar AMV, Nagaraja SB, Isaakidis P, Malhotra S, et al. Epidemiology and interaction of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis and challenges for care: a review. Public Health Action. 2013 Nov 4;3(Suppl 1):S3–9.
Tuli SM. Results of treatment of spinal tuberculosis by “middle-path” regime. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1975 Feb;57(1):13–23.
Huang H, Ding N, Yang T, Li C, Jia X, Wang G, et al. Cross-sectional Whole-genome Sequencing and Epidemiological Study of Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2019 Jul 18;69(3):405–13.
Lu Z, Jiang W, Zhang J, Lynn HS, Chen Y, Zhang S, et al. Drug resistance and epidemiology characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in 17 provinces of China. PLoS One. 2019;14(11):e0225361.
Prasad R, Singh A, Balasubramanian V, Gupta N. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in India: Current evidence on diagnosis & management. Indian J Med Res. 2017 Mar;145(3):271–93.
Li Q, Shi CX, Lu M, Wu L, Wu Y, Wang M, et al. Treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Hangzhou, China, 2011 to 2015. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2020;99(30) Available from: https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2020/07240/Treatment_outcomes_of_multidrug_resistant.59.aspx
Viney K, Islam T, Hoa NB, Morishita F, Lönnroth K. The Financial Burden of Tuberculosis for Patients in the Western-Pacific Region. Trop Med Infect Dis [Internet]. 2019; Jun 17 [cited 2021 Jan 21];4(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631110/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neradi, D., Sengupta, D.K. (2022). Epidemiology of Tuberculosis of Spine. In: Dhatt, S.S., Kumar, V. (eds) Tuberculosis of the Spine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9495-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9495-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-9494-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-9495-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)