Abstract
This study aims to explore the income-biodiversity loss nexus in South and Southeast Asian countries covering the period between 2013 and 2019. Negative Binomial regression models are used to deal with the count regressand variable with specific emphasis on different taxonomic groups of threatened species, namely, mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, mollusk, other invertebrate, plant, and total threatened species. We find strong support of an inverted U-shaped relationship between income and biodiversity loss in all taxonomic groups of threatened species examined. Additionally, agricultural land has a significant and positive effect on biodiversity loss. Control of corruption and biodiversity loss are found to be negatively associated. The inverted U-shaped EKC suggests that South and Southeast Asian countries are required to identify policy priority areas that could achieve robust economic growth while reducing biodiversity loss. Our findings also provide valuable policy insights to assist the policy makers to better cope with the problem of biodiversity loss via corruption control and agricultural land use.
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Source: IUCN (2020a)
Source: IUCN (various versions)
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Data availability
The data used in this paper were collected from several versions of The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the World Bank’s World Development Indicator database, the World Wide Governance database, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations database. It is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Notes
Among others, amphibian species, land-based flora and fauna, and reef-forming corals have reduced by 40%, 33%, and 20%, respectively (United Nations 2019a).
Loss in biodiversity (or biodiversity loss) can be defined as the loss in any aspect of biological diversity through death, destruction, or manual removal (IPBES 2022).
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This study was supported by the Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor Kampus Segamat under Bestari Research Grant Phase 1/2021 (Grant Number: 600-UiTMCJ (PJIA.5/2)).
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Lin-Sea Lau: introduction, editing, and reviewing. Ai-Lian Tan: literature review. Thian-Hee Yiew: data collection and econometric analysis. Yan-Ling Tan: abstract, results and discussion, and conclusion of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Tan, YL., Yiew, TH., Lau, LS. et al. Environmental Kuznets curve for biodiversity loss: evidence from South and Southeast Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 64004–64021 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20090-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20090-8