A Win-Win Scheme for Improving the Environmental Sustainability of University Commuters’ Mobility and Getting Environmental Credits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Toward a More Sustainable Mobility of Commuter Students
2.1. The Actual Structure of the Commuter Students’ Mobility
2.2. Implementing a Greener Mobility of the Commuter Students
3. A Hypothesis of Acquisition of Certificates by the University
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Distance (D) of Origins from the Campus | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | D ≤ 3 km | 3 < D ≤ 5 km | 5 < D ≤ 10 km | 10 < D ≤ 20 km | D > 20 km | TOT |
Average round-trip daily path, Lzc (km/commuter) | 3 | 8 | 15 | 30 | 60 | |
Sample share by distance, MSz (%) | 30 | 26 | 27 | 9 | 8 | 100 |
Number of commuters by zone, NCz (-) | 7500 | 6500 | 6750 | 2250 | 2000 | 25,000 |
Total distances by zones, TLz = NCz × Lzc (km) | 22,500 | 52,000 | 101,250 | 67,500 | 120,000 | 363,250 |
Modalities of Mobility | Distance (D) of Origins from the Campus | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D ≤ 3 km | 3 < D ≤ 5 km | 5 < D ≤ 10 km | 10 < D ≤ 20 km | D > 20 km | ||||||
MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | |
Walking | 62 | 4,650 | 32 | 2080 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Biking | 12 | 900 | 20 | 1300 | 4 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Public transportation | 10 | 750 | 13 | 845 | 25 | 1688 | 19 | 428 | 34 | 680 |
Car | 5 | 375 | 9 | 585 | 34 | 2295 | 35 | 788 | 35 | 700 |
Motorcycle | 0 | 0 | 14 | 910 | 12 | 810 | 9 | 203 | 3 | 60 |
Carpooling | 6 | 450 | 8 | 553 | 17 | 1148 | 25 | 574 | 25 | 500 |
Moto-pooling | 5 | 375 | 4 | 228 | 8 | 540 | 12 | 259 | 3 | 60 |
Car sharing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Modalities of Mobility | CO2 Emissions per Distance (D) of Origins from the Campus | Total (Tons of CO2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D ≤ 3 km | 3 < D ≤ 5 km | 5 < D ≤ 10 km | 10 < D ≤ 20 km | D > 20 km | ||
Walking | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Biking | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Public transportation | 0.0013 | 0.0038 | 0.0143 | 0.0072 | 0.0230 | 0.0496 |
Car | 0.2240 | 0.9317 | 6.8534 | 4.7033 | 8.3615 | 21.0740 |
Motorcycle | 0.0000 | 0.5882 | 0.9817 | 0.4909 | 0.2909 | 2.3517 |
Carpooling | 0.0430 | 0.1407 | 0.5479 | 0.5479 | 0.9550 | 2.2345 |
Motor-pooling | 0.0227 | 0.0368 | 0.1636 | 0.1568 | 0.0727 | 0.4526 |
Car sharing | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Total | 0.2909 | 1.7012 | 8.5610 | 5.9062 | 9.7031 | 26.1624 |
Modalities of Mobility | CO2 Emissions per Distance (D) of Origins from the Campus | Total (Tons of CO2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D ≤ 3 km | 3 < D ≤ 5 km | 5 < D ≤ 10 km | 10 < D ≤ 20 km | D > 20 km | ||
Walking | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 |
Biking | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 |
Public transportation | 0.00342 | 0.01027 | 0.03846 | 0.01949 | 0.06199 | 0.13362 |
Car | 0.66743 | 2.77650 | 20.42326 | 14.01596 | 24.91727 | 62.80042 |
Motorcycle | 0.00000 | 1.75291 | 2.92553 | 1.46276 | 0.86682 | 7.00802 |
Carpooling | 0.12807 | 0.41930 | 1.63284 | 1.63284 | 2.84590 | 6.65893 |
Motor-pooling | 0.06772 | 0.10956 | 0.48759 | 0.46727 | 0.21671 | 1.34884 |
Car sharing | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 |
Total | 0.86663 | 5.06853 | 25.50767 | 17.59832 | 28.90869 | 77.94983 |
Modalities of Mobility | Shares and Related Numbers of Commuters per Distance (D) of Origins from the Campus | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D ≤ 3 km | 3 < D ≤ 5 km | 5 < D ≤ 10 km | 10 < D ≤ 20 km | D > 20 km | ||||||
MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | MSzm (%) | NCzm | |
Walking | 67 | 5025 | 55 | 3575 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Biking | 12 | 900 | 20 | 1300 | 17 | 1148 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Public transportation | 10 | 750 | 13 | 845 | 32 | 2160 | 22 | 500 | 48 | 960 |
Car | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 405 | 21 | 473 | 13 | 260 |
Motorcycle | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 45 | 0 | 0 |
Carpooling | 6 | 450 | 9 | 553 | 36 | 2430 | 42 | 954 | 37 | 730 |
Moto-pooling | 5 | 375 | 4 | 228 | 9 | 608 | 12 | 279 | 3 | 50 |
Car sharing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sectors | Allowable Projects |
---|---|
Industry | Plants of thermal energy; power quality systems; electric engines; energy recovery in the re-gasifying plants. |
Networks, services and transportation | Energy efficiency of existing district heating and cooling; new fleets of transportation means fed by natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied gas petroleum and hydrogen; efficiency of electric, gas and hydraulic networks; energy efficiency of data computing centers. |
Civil | Installation of heating systems and warm-air generators; thermal insulation interventions; retrofit and realization of zero energy buildings. |
Behavioral | Adoption of efficient systems for signaling and management; adoption of data analysis systems for single plants; adoption of action aimed at the utilization of low emission vehicles. |
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Cirrincione, L.; Di Dio, S.; Peri, G.; Scaccianoce, G.; Schillaci, D.; Rizzo, G. A Win-Win Scheme for Improving the Environmental Sustainability of University Commuters’ Mobility and Getting Environmental Credits. Energies 2022, 15, 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020396
Cirrincione L, Di Dio S, Peri G, Scaccianoce G, Schillaci D, Rizzo G. A Win-Win Scheme for Improving the Environmental Sustainability of University Commuters’ Mobility and Getting Environmental Credits. Energies. 2022; 15(2):396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020396
Chicago/Turabian StyleCirrincione, Laura, Salvatore Di Dio, Giorgia Peri, Gianluca Scaccianoce, Domenico Schillaci, and Gianfranco Rizzo. 2022. "A Win-Win Scheme for Improving the Environmental Sustainability of University Commuters’ Mobility and Getting Environmental Credits" Energies 15, no. 2: 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020396