Abstract
Antimicrobials are drugs that are used for treating microbial infections. Humans are the major contributor for the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to their irrational use of antimicrobial agents. Use of antimicrobials without following rationale guidelines, without proper diagnosis of infection are also among the major contributors for AMR. AMR is becoming a major threat for human and animal health worldwide. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) has described AMR infection as a serious global health problem and has become one of the top ten global public health threats to humanity in 2020. Day by day, human practices are making AMR worse such as misuse or overuse of antimicrobial drugs in health care, poor sanitary conditions, inappropriate food handling, and poor infection control. According to the expert opinion on the impact of AMR infection on human health, it is estimated that there would be about ten million human deaths annually by 2050. However, AMR infection has their impact on global socioeconomic condition. Experts have estimated that 7% of the global economic GDP will be lost by 2050 due to AMR infection. It will be more challenging for developing countries to tackle this situation. If actions are not taken to combat AMR infection, then the adverse impact will be on socioeconomic condition worldwide. The economy will shrink, social inequality will increase, and the health-care sector will be less sustainable. Therefore, mitigation of AMR may reduce the global GDP loss. Therefore, integrated mitigation of AMR by One Health approach will collapse. The role of “One Health approach” is to ensure optimum health of animals, humans, and the environment via efforts of scientists and health practitioners in various disciplines. Many organizations are working on the One Health objective and have committed to the One Health goal. Furthermore, the food chain and the environmental sources can spread AMR. Therefore, understanding the impact of environmental sources, food sources, and agriculture sectors can play a significant role in AMR surveillance and may be helpful in combating AMR. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to explore AMR infection impact on the global socioeconomic and the adoption of One Health concept for their integrated mitigation.
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This work was supported by the Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Author Md.Meraj Ansari is thankful to the DHR for the Young Scientist Award under DHR Young Scientist Scheme (YSS/2019/000052/PRCYSS).
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Ansari, M.M. et al. (2022). Socioeconomic Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance and Their Integrated Mitigation by One Health Approach. In: Akhtar, N., Singh, K.S., Prerna, Goyal, D. (eds) Emerging Modalities in Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84126-3_7
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