Skip to main content

Diabetes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Intellectual Disabilities

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

  • 4127 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes for people with an intellectual disability. Current guidelines on good practice, reasonable adjustments in relation to intellectual disability and a focus on the role of self-management are dealt with. The supporting role that families, carers and health and social care professionals can play in supporting lifestyle changes is also discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 349.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Diabetes Association. (2008). Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 31, S61–S78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Diabetes Association. (2018). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. The Journal of Clinical and Applied Research and Education, 41(1), S105–S118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anwar, A., Walker, D., & Frier, B. (2004). Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Down Syndrome: Prevalence, management and diabetes complications. Diabetic Medicine, 15, 160–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, D. M. (2005). Over the sea and far away: Ways of overcoming some of the difficulties arising in work with adults with learning disabilities living in geographical isolation in the United Kingdom. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33, 180–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2005.00312.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaumik, S., Watson, J. M., Thorp, C. F., Tyrer, F., & McGrother, C. A. (2008). Body mass index in adults with intellectual disability: distribution, associations and service implications: a population-based prevalence study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(4), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.01018.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Botero, D., & Fleischman, A. (2006). Endocrinology. In I. L. Rubin & A. C. Crocker (Eds.), Medical care for children and adults with developmemal disabilities (pp. 387–398). Baltimore, MD: Paul Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, M., Taggart, L., Karatzias, T., Truesdale, M., Walley, R., Northway, R., … Davies, M. (2017). Improving diabetes care for people with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative study exploring the perceptions and experiences of professionals in diabetes and intellectual disability services. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 61(5), 435–449. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardol, M., Rijken, M., & van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, H. (2012a). People with mild to moderate intellectual disability talking about their diabetes and how they manage. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(4), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01472.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardol, M., Rijken, M., & van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, H. (2012b). Attitudes and dilemmas of caregivers supporting people with intellectual disabilities who have diabetes. Patient Education and Counseling, 87, 383–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Elia, L., Barba, G., Cappuccio, F. P., & Strazzullo, P. (2011). Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57(1), 1210–1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diabetes Australia. (2015). General practice management of type 2 diabetes—2014–15 (p. 2014). Melbourne: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners and Diabetes Australia. Retrieved from https://static.diabetesaustralia.com.au/s/fileassets/diabetes-australia/5ed214a6-4cff-490f-a283-bc8279fe3b2f.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. (2018). Diabetes Canada 2018. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes in Canada. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 42, S1–S325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diabetes UK (2017a). 15 Healthcare Essentials: Getting the care you need. Retrieved from www.diabetes.org.uk/Guide-to-diabetes/Managing-your-diabetes/15-healthcare-essentials

  • Diabetes UK (2017b). Guide to how to make reasonable adjustments to diabetes care for adults with a learning disability. Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.org.uk/Professionals/Resources/shared-practice/for-people-with-learning-disability.

  • Diabetes Philippines. (2014). UNITE for Diabetes Philippines. Philippine practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Compendium of Philippine Meicine, 16th edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, A. J., Tyrer, F., Gray, L. J., Bhaumik, S., Spong, R., Chudasama, Y., … Khunti, K. (2017). Type 2 diabetes and glucose intolerance in a population with intellectual disabilities: The STOP diabetes cross-sectional screening study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 61(7), 668–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dysch, C., Chung, M. C., & Fox, J. (2012). How do people with intellectual disabilities and diabetes experience and perceive their illness? Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities: JARID, 25(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2011.00641.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, E. (2005). Underweight, obesity and exercise among adults with intellectual disabilities in supported accommodation in Northern England. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49, 134–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hale, L. A., Trip, H. T., Whitehead, L., & Conder, J. (2011). Self-management abilities of diabetes in people with an intellectual disability living in New Zealand. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 8(4), 223–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harkins, V. (2008). A practical guide to integrated type 2 diabetes care.. Retrieved from https://www.indi.ie/images/public_docs/539_A_Practical_Guide_to_Integrated_Type_II_Diabetes_Care[1].pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Havercamp, S. M., Scandlin, D., & Roth, M. (2004). Health disparities among adults with developmental disabilities, adults with other disabilities, and adults not reporting disability in North Carolina. Public Health Reports, 119(4), 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phr.2004.05.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellings, J. A., Zarcone, J. R., Crandall, K., Wallace, D., & Schroeder, S. R. (2013). Weight gain in a controlled study of risperidone in children, adolescents and adults with mental retardation and autism. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 11(3), 229–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillege, S., Gallagher, S., & Evans, J. (2013). The challenges for families managing an adolescent with an intellectual disability and type 1 diabetes. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(3), 26–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • House, A., Bryant, L., Russell, A. M., Wright-Hughes, A., Graham, L., Walwyn, R., … Farrin, A. (2018). Randomized controlled feasibility trial of supported self-management in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and an intellectual disability: OK Diabetes. Diabetic Medicine., 35, 776–788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoybye, C. (2004). Endocrine and metabolic aspects of adult Prader-Willi syndrome with special emphasis on the effect of growth hormone treatment. Growth Hormone and IGF Research, 14, 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, K., Rimmer, J. H., & Heller, T. (2014). Obesity and associated factors in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(9), 851–863. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Diabetes Federation. (2017a). Recommendations For Managing Type 2 Diabetes In Primary Care −2017. Retrieved from www.idf.org/managing-type2-diabetes

  • International Diabetes Federation. (2017b). Clinical Practice Recommendation on the Diabetic Foot-2017: A guide for health care professionals. ISBN: 978–2–930229-86-7

    Google Scholar 

  • International Diabetes Federation. (2017c). IDF diabetes atlas 8th edition. Diabetes Atlas. Retrieved from http://www.diabetesatlas.org/.

  • International Diabetes Federation Clinical Guidelines Taskforce. (2012). Global guideline for type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.iapb.org/wp-content/uploads/Global-Guideline-for-Type-2-Diabetes-IDF-2012.pdf.

  • Khunti, K., Gray, L. J., Skinner, T., Carey, E., Realf, K., Dallosso, H., … Davies, M. J. (2012). Effectiveness of a diabetes education and self-management programme (DESMOND) for people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: three-year follow-up of a cluster randomized controlled trial in primary care. British Medical Journal, 344, e2333. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khunti, K., Skinner, T. C., Heller, S., Carey, M. E., Dallosso, H. M., Davies, M. J., & DESMOND Collaborative. (2008). Biomedical, lifestyle and psychosocial characteristics of people newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes: baseline data from the DESMOND randomized controlled trial. Diabetic Medicine, 25(12), 1454–1461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02620.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maine, A., Dickson, A., Truesdale, M., & Brown, M. (2017). An application of Bandura’s ‘four sources of self-efficacy’ to the self-management of type 2 diabetes in people with intellectual disability: An inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 70, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacRae, S., Brown, M., Karatzias, T., Taggart, L., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., Walley, R., … Davies, M. (2015). Diabetes in people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of the literature. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 47, 352–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melville, C. A., Cooper, S.-A., Morrison, J., Allan, L., Smiley, E., & Williamson, A. (2008). The prevalence and determinants of obesity in adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21, 425–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2007.00412.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merrick, J., Davidson, P. W., Morad, M., Janicki, M. P., Wexler, O., & Henderson, C. M. (2004). Older adults with intellectual disability in residential care centers in Israel: Health status and service utilization. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 109(5), 413–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • New Zealand Guidelines Group. (2011). Guidance on the management of type 2 diabetes. Wellington: Ministry of Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • NICE. (2015). Type 2 diabetes in adults: Management. Accessed from http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28, 7 Jan 2016.

  • Peyrot, M., Burns, K. K., Davies, M., Forbes, A., Hermanns, N., Holt, R., … Skovlund, D. E. (2013). Diabetes attitudes wishes and needs 2 (DAWN2): A multinational, multi-stakeholder study of psychosocial issues in diabetes and person-centred diabetes care. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 99(2), 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j/j.diabres.2012.11.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, M., Rilstone, S., Cooper, O., & Oliver, N. S. (2016). Type 1 diabetes in adults: Supporting self-management. British Medical Journal, (352), 10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i998

  • Rey-Conde, T., Lennox, N., & McPhee, J. (2005). Diabetes and intellectual disability—Perceptions from people with disability and their supporters. Retrieved from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9458.

  • Rimmer, J. H., & Yamaki, K. (2006). Obesity and intellectual disability. Mental Retardation and Development Disabilities Research Reviews, 12, 22–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, L., & Finlay, W. M. L. (2016). Repertoires of responsibility for diabetes management by adults with intellectual disability and those who support them. Sociology of Health & Illness, 38(8), 1243–1257. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, V. T., & Shulman, G. I. (2012). Mechanisms for insulin resistance: Common threads and missing links. Cell, 148(5), 852–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shireman, T. I., Reichard, A., Nazir, N., Backes, J. M., & Greiner, K. A. (2010). Quality of diabetes care for adults with developmental disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 3, 179–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sohler, N., Lubetkin, E., Levy, J., Soghomonian, C., & Rimmerman, A. (2009). Factors associated with obesity and coronary heart disease in people with intellectual disabilities. Social Work in Health Care, 48(1), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981380802451160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, T. C., Carey, M. E., Cradock, S., Daly, H., Davies, M. J., Doherty, Y., … DESMOND Collaborative. (2006). Diabetes education and self-management for ongoing and newly diagnosed (DESMOND): Process modelling of pilot study. Patient Education and Counseling, 64(1–3), 369–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stedman, K. V., & Leland, L. S., Jr. (2010). Obesity and intellectual disability in New Zealand. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 35(2), 112–115. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668251003717928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, L., Brown, M., & Karatzias, T. (2014). Diabetes. In L. Taggart & W. Cousins (Eds.), Health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities (pp. 69–76). Maidenhead: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, L., Coates, V., & Truesdale-Kennedy, M. (2012). Management and quality indicators of diabetes mellitus in people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57(12), 1152–1163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01633.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, L., Coates, V., Clarke, M., Bunting, B., Davies, M., Carey, M., … Karatzias, T. (2015). A study protocol for a pilot randomised trial of a structured education programme for the self-management of type 2 diabetes for adults with intellectual disabilities. Trials, 16, 148–156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0644-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taggart, K., Truesdale, M., Carey, M. E., Martin-Stacey, L., Scott, J., Bunting, B., … Clarke, J. M. (2018). Pilot feasibility study examining a structured self-management diabetes education programme, DESMOND-ID, targeting HbA1c in adults with intellectual disabilities. Diabetic Medicine, 35, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa Type 2 Diabetes Guidelines Expert Committee. (2017). The 2017 SEMDSA guideline for the management of type 2 diabetes guideline committee. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 21(Suppl/ 1), S1–S196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trip, H., Conder, J., Hale, L., & Whitehead, L. (2016). The role of key workers in supporting people with intellectual disability in the self-management of their diabetes: A qualitative New Zealand study. Health and Social Care in the Community, 24(6), 789–798. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Optional protocol. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf.

  • Whitehead, L. C., Trip, H. T., Hale, L. A., & Conder, J. (2016). Negotiated autonomy in diabetes self-management: the experiences of adults with intellectual disability and their support workers. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(4), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, L., Crowe, M., Carter, J., Maskill, V., Carlyle, D., Bugge, C., & Frampton, C. (2017). A nurse-led interdisciplinary approach to promote self-management of type 2 diabetes: A process evaluation of post-intervention experiences. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12594

  • Wilkinson, A., Whitehead, L., & Ritchie, L. (2011). Factors influencing the ability to self-manage diabetes for adults living with type 1 or 2 diabetes. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(1), 111–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (2016). Global report on diabetes. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/han-le/10665/204871/9789241565257_eng.pdf;jsessionid=F3F53A9E5D0E3A50BA8556F78667C596?sequence=1.

  • World Health Organization (2017) Diabetes Fact Sheet. Retrieved May 30, 2018, from http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes.

  • Yamaki, K. (2005). Body weight status among adults with intellectual disability in the community. Mental Retardation, 43(1), 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lisa C. Whitehead .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Whitehead, L.C., Trip, H.T. (2019). Diabetes. In: Matson, J.L. (eds) Handbook of Intellectual Disabilities. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_55

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics