Abstract
Water covers 41 per cent of the Earth’s surface. However, only 3 per cent is freshwater and 68.7 per cent of this is frozen in polar ice caps and glaciers ; 30.1 per cent is located in deep aquifers and 0.9 per cent in other conditions . Thus, only 0.3 per cent is surface water , of which 87 per cent is in lakes and dams , 11 per cent in wetlands and 2 per cent in rivers (UN Water 2015). This freshwater is shared among a growing population, where the number of people tripled during the last century, but water use increased six fold. Further, 41 per cent of the Earth’s surface belongs to drylands, where 30 per cent of the population lives. These water -scarce regions produce half of the livestock worldwide and grow 44 per cent of the global food supply .
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Notes
- 1.
A very small part of this chapter was prepared for the V Congreso Mundial de la Organización de Mujeres Científicas de Países en Vías de Desarrollo (OWSD): Topic 5, Sustainability in Water Supply , October 2015, Cuernavaca, Morelos , Mexico . The Congress was cancelled due to the Ebola outbreak.
- 2.
However, in November 2016, USDA estimated that 222.25 million tons of corn are available thanks to an excellent harvest in Brazil of 86.5 million tons, which exceeds that of the US . Thus, speculators alone temporarily pushed up the price and the Government used scarce resources to grant stable import prices . Further, this imported corn is genetically modified and grown with Glyphosate , a product that causes cancer in humans.
- 3.
The existing LAN should have been changed 180 days after the constitutional change in 2012, when water was declared a basic human right. However, other political priorities, the increase in poverty, structural reforms in energy and education , and a tax reform with limited benefits for most Mexicans changed the Government’s priorities. But there was also a profound opposition to the General Law of Water proposed by Conagua . In their law, the Government had prioritised unsustainable transfers of water from other basins, mega-public work for private industries and privatisation through concessions of local water administration with doubtful results in the past.
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Oswald Spring, Ú. (2019). Interdisciplinarity in Water Research and Water Models. In: Úrsula Oswald Spring: Pioneer on Gender, Peace, Development, Environment, Food and Water. Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94712-9_21
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