Abstract
Failed states and states in conflict are special cases in terms of health and development in that the national government, the main party responsible for directing policy to improve national well-being, may lack the resources, will or legitimacy to provide health infrastructure or opportunities for economic development . Although NGOs can fill the power and resource vacuum in these states in the short term, they may not contribute to sustainable health care delivery or development. A main policy challenge in failed and conflict-ridden states is how best to scale up programs offered by diverse actors targeting health and/or development. A second challenge is building resources and capacity to transform fragility into stability and achieving an adequate level of sectoral development in order to be able to respond to extraordinary threats to national and human security . The first two case studies examined in this chapter are Partners-in-Health/Zanmi LaSante in Haiti , which serves as a model for up-scaling, and the Government of Rwanda , which worked to consolidate and direct the resources of disparate non-governmental actors in order to meet national development and health goals. The final case study explores the Ebola outbreak in Western Africa, which took hold in three fragile states where it grew to unprecedented levels.
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Johnson, S.A. (2017). Development in Failed and Fragile States. In: Challenges in Health and Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53204-2_5
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