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Prostate Cancer

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International Manual of Oncology Practice

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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer worldwide in males. The incidence increases with age and positive family history. Most cancers are adenocarcinomas (>95 %), multifocal and originated in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Localized PCa is typically asymptomatic and is discovered through a rise in serum PSA or, less commonly, a suspicious digital rectum examination. Hesitance, urgency, poor urine stream, nocturia and incomplete bladder emptying are the most frequently reported symptoms. Their presence suggests advanced disease. On the other hand, bone pain raises the suspicion of metastatic disease. Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is the standard method of diagnosis. Treatment strategy is driven by tumor staging and can include a wide variety of approaches such as active surveillance, surgery, radiotherapy and/or medical therapy. Recently, there was a development of multiple new active treatment modalities, particularly in the setting of advanced disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

    Arlindo R. Ferreira, Inês Vendrell, António Quintela & Leonor Ribeiro

  2. Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal

    Arlindo R. Ferreira

  3. Radiation Oncology department of Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal

    André Abrunhosa-Branquinho & Filomena Pina

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  1. Arlindo R. Ferreira
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Ramon Andrade de Mello

  2. edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, University of Algarve, Dept Cie Biomed edificio 7, ala nascente, 3º andar, Faro, Portugal

    Álvaro Tavares

  3. Medical Oncology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Giannis Mountzios

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Ferreira, A.R., Abrunhosa-Branquinho, A., Vendrell, I., Quintela, A., Pina, F., Ribeiro, L. (2015). Prostate Cancer. In: de Mello, R., Tavares, Á., Mountzios, G. (eds) International Manual of Oncology Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21683-6_22

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