Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of gingival displacement methods in terms of periodontal health at crown restorations produced by digital scan: 1-year clinical follow-up

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lasers in Medical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the effects of the gingival displacement techniques of retraction cord, cordless paste system, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser troughing on the periodontal tissues around the crown restoration produced using a digital scan. This was analyzed by recording the probing depth (PD), plaque index, gingival index (GI), mobility, sensitivity, and bleeding on probing (BOP) index. This study included 60 mandibular 1st molars from 52 participants (20 males and 32 females) requiring crown restoration. The margin lines of the crown preparations were placed 1 mm subgingivally. Based on the gingival displacement technique used, the patients were divided into three groups: retraction cord, cordless paste system, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser troughing. A digital scan of the prepared tooth was performed. Follow-up appointments were scheduled at five different times: 1st day, 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 1st year. Six periodontal indices were used to assess the periodontal health. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables depending on the groups. There was a significant difference in the PD, GI, and BOP index scores among the three techniques during the 1-year clinical monitoring (p < 0.001). The PD in the three zones of the buccal surface showed a significant increase with time in the retraction cord and cordless paste system groups (p < 0.001). The highest GI scores were observed in the retraction cord group on the 1st day. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser troughing procedure produced lower PD, GI, and BOP index scores as compared to the retraction cord and cordless paste system procedures in the 1-year period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pjetursson BE, Sailer I, Makarov NA, Zwahlen M, Thoma DS (2015) All-ceramic or metal-ceramic tooth-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs)? A systematic review of the survival and complication rates. Part II: Multiple-unit FDPs. Dent Mater 31(6):624–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.02.013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Stuffken M, Vahidi F (2016) Preimpression troughing with the diode laser: a preliminary study. J Prosthet Dent 115(4):441–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Marotti J, Broeckmann J, Chuembou Pekam F, Praca L, Radermacher K, Wolfart S (2019) Impression of subgingival dental preparation can be taken with ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 45(2):558–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.09.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Samet N, Shohat M, Livny A, Weiss EI (2005) A clinical evaluation of fixed partial denture impressions. J Prosthet Dent 94(2):112–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.05.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tabassum S, Adnan S, Khan FR (2017) Gingival retraction methods: a systematic review. J Prosthodont 26(8):637–643. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12522

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Goutham GB, Jayanti I, Jalaluddin M, Avijeeta A, Ramanna PK, Joy J (2018) Clinical assessment of gingival sulcus width using various gingival displacement materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 19(5):502–506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Donovan TE, Chee WWL (2004) Current concepts in gingival displacement. Dent Clin N Am 48(2):433–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2003.12.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Punj A, Bompolaki D, Garaicoa J (2017) Dental impression materials and techniques. Dent Clin N Am 61(4):779–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2017.06.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Winkelmeyer C, Wolfart S, Marotti J (2016) Analysis of tooth preparations for zirconia-based crowns and fixed dental prostheses using stereolithography data sets. J Prosthet Dent 116(5):783–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.03.019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gherlone EF, Maiorana C, Grassi RF, Ciancaglini R, Cattoni F (2004) The use of 980-nm diode and 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser for gingival retraction in fixed prostheses. J Oral Laser Appl 4(3):183–190

    Google Scholar 

  11. Alghazzawi TF (2016) Advancements in CAD/CAM technology: options for practical implementation. J Prosthodont Res 60(2):72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2016.01.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Rayyan MM, Hussien ANM, Sayed NM, Abdallah R, Osman E, El Saad NA, Ramadan S (2019) Comparison of four cordless gingival displacement systems: a clinical study. J Prosthet Dent 121(2):265–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.05.010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zimmermann M, Mehl A, Mormann WH, Reich S (2015) Intraoral scanning systems - a current overview. Int J Comput Dent 18(2):101–129

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nedelcu RG, Persson AS (2014) Scanning accuracy and precision in 4 intraoral scanners: an in vitro comparison based on 3-dimensional analysis. J Prosthet Dent 112(6):1461–1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.05.027

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee JJ, Jeong ID, Park JY, Jeon JH, Kim JH, Kim WC (2017) Accuracy of single-abutment digital cast obtained using intraoral and cast scanners. J Prosthet Dent 117(2):253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.07.021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Mangano F, Gandolfi A, Luongo G, Logozzo S (2017) Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health 17(1):149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0442-x

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Al Hamad KQ, Azar WZ, Alwaeli HA, Said KN (2008) A clinical study on the effects of cordless and conventional retraction techniques on the gingival and periodontal health. J Clin Periodontol 35(12):1053–1058. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01335.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tao X, Yao JW, Wang HL, Huang C (2018) Comparison of gingival troughing by laser and retraction cord. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 38(4):527–532. https://doi.org/10.11607/prd.3551

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sarmento HR, Leite FR, Dantas RV, Ogliari FA, Demarco FF, Faot F (2014) A double-blind randomised clinical trial of two techniques for gingival displacement. J Oral Rehabil 41(4):306–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Akca EA, Yildirim E, Dalkiz M, Yavuzyilmaz H, Beydemir B (2006) Effects of different retraction medicaments on gingival tissue. Quintessence Int 37(1):53–59

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mizutani K, Aoki A, Coluzzi D, Yukna R, Wang C-Y, Pavlic V (2000) Izumi Y (2016) Lasers in minimally invasive periodontal and peri-implant therapy. Periodontology 71(1):185–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Jetter C (2008) Soft-tissue management using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser during restorative procedures. Compend Contin Educ Dent 29(1):46–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Azzi R, Tsao TF, Carranza FA Jr, Kenney EB (1983) Comparative study of gingival retraction methods. J Prosthet Dent 50(4):561–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(83)90581-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sulieman M (2005) An overview of the use of lasers in general dental practice: 2. Laser wavelengths, soft and hard tissue clinical applications. Dent Update 32(5):286–296. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2005.32.5.286

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Sulieman M (2005) An overview of the use of lasers in general dental practice: 1. Laser physics and tissue interactions. Dent Update 32(4):228–236. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2005.32.4.228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Krishna Ch V, Gupta N, Reddy KM, Sekhar NC, Aditya V, Reddy GV (2013) Laser gingival retraction: a quantitative assessment. J Clin Diagn Res 7(8):1787–1788. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2013/5954.3292

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Wilder-Smith P, Dang J, Kurosaki T (1997) Investigating the range of surgical effects on soft tissue produced by a carbon dioxide laser. J Am Dent Assoc 128(5):583–588. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0257

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Akram Z, Shafqat SS, Niaz MO, Raza A, Naseem M (2020) Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy and laser irradiation as an adjunct to open flap debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 36(1):3–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12499

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bennani V, Aarts JM, Schumayer D (2016) Correlation of pressure and displacement during gingival displacement: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 115(3):296–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.08.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Löe H, Silness J (1963) Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 21(6):533–551. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356309011240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Silness J, Löe H (1964) Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 22(1):121–135. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356408993968

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Laster L, Laudenbach KW, Stoller NH (1975) An evaluation of clinical tooth mobility measurements. J Periodontol 46(10):603–607. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1975.46.10.603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Schiff T, Dotson M, Cohen S, De Vizio W, McCool J, Volpe A (1994) Efficacy of a dentifrice containing potassium nitrate, soluble pyrophosphate, PVM/MA copolymer, and sodium fluoride on dentinal hypersensitivity: a twelve-week clinical study. J Clin Dent 5 Spec No:87–92

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wang Y, Fan F, Li X, Zhou Q, He B, Huang X, Huang S, Ma J (2019) Influence of gingival retraction paste versus cord on periodontal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Quintessence Int 50(3):234–244. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a41976

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Breen HJ, Rogers P, Johnson NW, Slaney R (1999) Option-4 algorithm for Florida pocket depth probe: reduction in the variance of site-specific probeable crevice depth measurements. J Clin Periodontol 26(8):511–518. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.1999.260804.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Alhajj WA (2020) Gingival phenotypes and their relation to age, gender and other risk factors. BMC Oral Health 20(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01073-y

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Harrison JD (1961) Effect of retraction materials on the gingival sulcus epithelium. J Prosthet Dent 11(3):514–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(61)90234-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Feng J, Aboyoussef H, Weiner S, Singh S, Jandinski J (2006) The effect of gingival retraction procedures on periodontal indices and crevicular fluid cytokine levels: a pilot study. J Prosthodont 15(2):108–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2006.00083.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Melilli D, Mauceri R, Albanese A, Matranga D, Pizzo G (2018) Gingival displacement using diode laser or retraction cords: a comparative clinical study. Am J Dent 31(3):131–134

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dederichs M, Fahmy MD, Kuepper H, Guentsch A (2019) Comparison of gingival retraction materials using a new gingival sulcus model. J Prosthodont 28(7):784–789. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13093

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Bennani V, Inger M, Aarts JM (2014) Comparison of pressure generated by cordless gingival displacement materials. J Prosthet Dent 112(2):163–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.09.035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Phatale S, Marawar P, Byakod G, Lagdive S, Kalburge J (2010) Effect of retraction materials on gingival health: a histopathological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 14(1):35–39. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124x.65436

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Chandra S, Singh A, Gupta KK, Chandra C, Arora V (2016) Effect of gingival displacement cord and cordless systems on the closure, displacement, and inflammation of the gingival crevice. J Prosthet Dent 115(2):177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.06.023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kazemi M, Memarian M, Loran V (2009) Comparing the effectiveness of two gingival retraction procedures on gingival recession and tissue displacement: clinical study. Res J Biol Sci 4(3):335–339

    Google Scholar 

  45. Huang C, Somar M, Li K, Mohadeb JVN (2017) Efficiency of cordless versus cord techniques of gingival retraction: a systematic review. J Prosthodont 26(3):177–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12352

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ashri NY, Ai Rifaiy M, EI-Metwally A (2016) The effect of gingival retraction cord on periodontal health compared to other gingival retraction procedures: a systematic review. Periodontics Prosthodontics 2(3):19

    Google Scholar 

  47. Midwood I, Davies M, Newcombe RG, West N (2019) Patients’ perception of their oral and periodontal health and its impact: a cross-sectional study in the NHS. Br Dent J 227(7):587–593. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-0721-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chabanski MB, Gillam DG, Bulman JS, Newman HN (1997) Clinical evaluation of cervical dentine sensitivity in a population of patients referred to a specialist periodontology department: a pilot study. J Oral Rehabil 24(9):666–672. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1997.00552.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Cortellini P, Tonetti MS, Lang NP, Suvan JE, Zucchelli G, Vangsted T, Silvestri M, Rossi R, McClain P, Fonzar A, Dubravec D, Adriaens P (2001) The simplified papilla preservation flap in the regenerative treatment of deep intrabony defects: clinical outcomes and postoperative morbidity. J Periodontol 72(12):1702–1712. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2001.72.12.1702

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Needleman I, McGrath C, Floyd P, Biddle A (2004) Impact of oral health on the life quality of periodontal patients. J Clin Periodontol 31(6):454–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00498.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research was financially supported by Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Scientific Research Project Division (TSA-2019-7920).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey

    Beyza Ünalan Değirmenci & Beyza Karadağ Naldemir

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey

    Alperen Değirmenci

Authors
  1. Beyza Ünalan Değirmenci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Beyza Karadağ Naldemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alperen Değirmenci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beyza Ünalan Değirmenci.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

This clinical trial was approved by Yuzuncu Yil University Medical Faculty Interventional Research Ethical Council (Resolution No: 05 Date: 13-11-2018). The international ClinicalTrials.gov study registry of the study was conducted on 17/01/2019 (NCT 03816930). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its latter amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

All volunteers included in the study were informed about the purpose and method of the study and signed an informed consent form.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ünalan Değirmenci, B., Karadağ Naldemir, B. & Değirmenci, A. Evaluation of gingival displacement methods in terms of periodontal health at crown restorations produced by digital scan: 1-year clinical follow-up. Lasers Med Sci 36, 1323–1335 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03266-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03266-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation