During the studies on the chemical characterization of crude drug precession, the constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra were investigated by comparing with those of Ginseng Radix. Panaxynol (4), ginsenosides Ro, Rb₁, Rb₂, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg₁, Rg₂ (11), Rg₃ (10a), and Rh₁ (9) were identified as common constituents of both Ginseng, whereas panaxytriol (1), ginsenoside Rh₂ (8), 20 (R)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (9a), 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (10), and 20 (R)-ginsenoside Rg₂ (11a) were elucidated as characteristic constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra. It was also found that Ginseng Radix Rubra contained larger quantities of ginsenosides Rh₁ (9), Rg₃ (10a), and Rg₂ (11) than Ginseng Radix. The less polar constituents of Ginseng Radix Rubra were shown to significantly differ from those of various samples of Ginseng Radix by means of the thin layer chromatographyprofile analysis.