Economic Violence against Women in Punjab: Dimensions, Determinants and its Implications on Women Social Status in Society

  • Dilshad Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
  • Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah Assistant Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
  • Mah Rukh Shabbir Ph.D. Scholar, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
Keywords: Women Economic Violence, Higher Education, Media, Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Purpose: Women are almost half the population of the world while their poor social status and limited participation in society is a serious issue of their deprivation specifically in developing countries like Pakistan. This study was attempted to investigate economic violence against women and its influential factors on women's social status in society.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

The study used multiple regression analysis for empirical estimation of cross-sectional data of 840 married men from three low socio-economic districts Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur and Muzaffargarh from Punjab province of Pakistan.

Findings: Empirical estimates of the study indicated among men above secondary school education, agricultural occupational status, emotional health status, childhood violence experience and witness are significant factors that impact women's economic violence.

Implications/Originality/Value:

There is a need for adequate legislation and policy measures for free and easy access to schooling, particularly in rural areas. In reducing gender disparity and violence’s regarding women social media, electronic media and print media can play a significant role by providing productive and positive messages in discussions and programs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Analytics Summary

References

Ali, P. A., & Gavino, M. I. B. (2008). Violence against women in Pakistan: A framework for analysis. Journal-Pakistan Medical Association, 58(4), 198.

Amnesty International. (2002). Pakistan: Insufficient protection of women. Karachi: Amnesty International.

Archavanichkul, K. (2006). Politics on sex and women’s body. AIDS and Sexuality in Thai Society, 5(1), 269–399.

Aurat Foundation (2014). “Violence against women in Pakistan A qualitative review of reported incidents” Violence Against Women Annual Report 2014.

https://www.af.org.pk/PDF/VAW%20Reports%20AND%20PR/VAW%202014.pdf

Ayuwat, D., & Sananikone, S. (2018). Influential Factors Among Male Population, Which Associated with the Economic Violence Against Women in Laos. Gender Issues, 35(4), 330-338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-018-9213-5

Babur, Z. U. (2007). Violence Against Women in Pakistan: Current realities and strategies for change. Unpublished MA Thesis. European University Center for Peace Studies.

Baig, I. A., Batool, Z., Ali, A., Baig, S. A., Hashim, M., & Zia-ur-Rehman, M. (2017). Impact of women empowerment on rural development in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Quality & Quantity, 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0572-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0572-x

Ballantine, C. et al., (2017), Working Paper No.5 - Pakistan: The Economic and Social Impact of Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG), UK aid

Benson, M. L., Fox, G. L., DeMaris, A., & Van Wyk, J. (2003). Neighborhood disadvantage, individual economic distress and violence against women in intimate relationships. Journal of quantitative criminology, 19(3), 207-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024930208331

Carastathis, A. (2014). The concept of intersectionality in feminist theory. Philosophy Compass, 9(5), 304-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12129

Carbado, D. W., Crenshaw, K. W., Mays, V. M., & Tomlinson, B. (2013). Intersectionality: Mapping the movements of a theory. Du Bois review: social science research on race, 10(2), 303-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X13000349

Coleman, E. A., & Berenson, R. A. (2004). Lost in transition: challenges and opportunities for improving the quality of transitional care. Annals of internal medicine, 141(7), 533-536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-7-200410050-00009

Fawole, O. I. (2008). Economic violence to women and girls: is it receiving the necessary attention?. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 9(3), 167-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838008319255

Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilization (Vol. 14). Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221631

Government of Pakistan (2017). Economic survey of Pakistan 2016-17, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance Government of Pakistan (GOP).

Government of Punjab, (2018). Punjab’s Social Progress Index 2015, A District Level Analysis, Analysis Paper Urban Unit, Lahore Punjab, Pakistan

https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-gender-gap-report-2018

Government of Pakistan (2018). Economic survey of Pakistan 2017-18, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance Government of Pakistan (GOP).

Heise, L., Heise, L. L., Pitanguy, J., & Drouin-Germain, A. (1994). Violence Against Women: The Hidden Health Burden. World Bank Discussion Paper.

Howard and Skipp (2015). Unequal, Trapped and Controlled: Women's Experience of Financial Abuse and Potential Implications for Universal Credit. TUC, Women's Aid Federation of England.

Iqbal, H., Afzal, S., & Inayat, M. (2012). Gender Discrimination: Implications for Pakistan Security. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(4), 16-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-0141625

Kabir, R., & Khan, H. T. (2019). A cross-sectional study to explore intimate partner violence and barriers to empowerment of women in Armenia. BioMed research international, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6939684

Karmaliani, PhD, R., Pasha, MA, A., Hirani, MScN, S., Somani, MScN, R., Hirani, MScN, S., Asad, N., ... & McFarlane, DrPH, FAAN, J. (2012). Violence against women in Pakistan: contributing factors and new interventions. Issues in mental health nursing, 33(12), 820-826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2012.718046

Khan, H. M. A., Sindher, R. H. K., & Hussain, I. (2013). Studying the role of education in eliminating violence against women. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 7(2), 405-416.

Khan, R. (2009). Situational Analysis and Mapping of Women’s Human Rights in Pakistan. Report Gender Equity Program (GEP) USAID/Aurat Foundation http://www. state. gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/sca/136092/htm Retrieved on, 2(05), 2014.

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308

Kutin, J., Russell, R., & Reid, M. (2017). Economic abuse between intimate partners in Australia: prevalence, health status, disability and financial stress. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 41(3), 269-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12651

Monk, H. L. (2011). Understanding Sexed and Racialised Violence: An Intersectional Approach (Doctoral dissertation, University of Central Lancashire).

National Assembly Committee on Women (2011). Violence: Guidelines and policy for the prevention of violence. The National Assembly Committee on Women, Youth, and the Elderly Bangkok: Ministry of Social Development and Human Security.

National Human Rights Committee Office (2009). The Promotion and Coordination Office of the National Women Committee. (2009). Rights and freedom to life and body. Bangkok: National Human Rights Committee Office.

Nosheen, H. (2011). Violence against women. The Dialogue, 6(3). Development Administration.

Pakeeza, S. (2015). Domestic violence laws and practices in Pakistan. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 6(1).

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (2017). 6th population and Housing Census, Pakistan Bureau of statistics Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan.

Patel, R. (2010). Gender equality and women's empowerment in Pakistan. Oxford University Press.

PCSW, (2017). Punjab Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW), 2017, Annual Report 2016 Government of Punjab, Pakistan

PGPR, (2018). Punjab Gender Parity Report (PGPR) 2018. PUNJAB COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN, Government of Punjab, Pakistan.

https://pcsw.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/PGPR-2018_0.pdf

Prasitratthasin, S. (1995). Social sciences research methodology. Bangkok: National Institute of

PSLM (2017). Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement 2016-17 Economic Survey of Pakistan, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan (GOP).

Qaisrani, A., Liaquat, S., & Khokhar, E. N. (2016). Socio-economic and cultural factors of violence against women in Pakistan.

Qureshi, S. (2012). Legislative initiative in the area of domestic violence in Pakistan: Gender approach to the core provisions of the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act 2009. Pakistan Vision, 13(2), 200.

Rizvi, N., & Feroz, A. (2019). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Violence against Women in Pakistan. Journal of Women’s Health and Gynecology, 1(1), 1.

Rocca, C. H., Rathod, S., Falle, T., Pande, R. P., & Krishnan, S. (2008). Challenging assumptions about women's empowerment: social and economic resources and domestic violence among young married women in urban South India. International journal of epidemiology, 38(2), 577-585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyn226

Sarkar, M. (2010). A study on domestic violence against adult and adolescent females in a rural area of West Bengal. Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 35(2), 311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.66881

Sanders, C. K. (2015). Economic abuse in the lives of women abused by an intimate partner: A qualitative study. Violence against women, 21(1), 3-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801214564167

Saxena, S., & Kumari, S. (2016). Violence against Women: An Analysis. Samwaad: E-Journal, 5(1), 50-60.

SERIES, B. T. T. (2018). GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS IN WOMEN’S LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT.

pubdocs.worldbank.org/.../EndingViolenceAgainstWomenandGirls-GBVLaws-Feb20...

Smallwood, E. (2015). Stepping stones: legal barriers to economic equality after family violence.

Tolman, R. M., & Rosen, D. (2001). Domestic violence in the lives of women receiving welfare: Mental health, substance dependence, and economic well-being. Violence against women, 7(2), 141-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801201007002003

United Nations. (2006). Ending Violence Against Women: From Words to Action. Geneva: UN.

United Nations (2015). Sustainable Development Goals, 2015, United Nations https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/

United Nation Development Programme, (2017). “Pakistan Human Development Index Report 2017” United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan

UNICEF, (2007). The state of the world’s children 2007, Women and Children The Double Dividend of Gender Equality, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), New York, USA. https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/The_State_of_the_Worlds__Children__2007_e.pdf

Viruell-Fuentes, E. A., Miranda, P. Y., & Abdulrahim, S. (2012). More than culture: structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health. Social science & medicine, 75(12), 2099-2106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.037

World Economic Forum (2018). The Global Gender Gap Report 2018, World Economic Forum, Org, Switzerland

World Health Organization. (2007). World report on violence and health. Geneva: WHO.

World Health Organization. (2016). Ethical and safety recommendations for intervention research on violence against women: building on lessons from the WHO publication putting women first: ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women.

World Health Organization (2017). “Violence against women” Fact sheet, World Health Organization, 201`7. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women

Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
Ahmad, D., Shah, S. Z. A., & Shabbir, M. R. (2022). Economic Violence against Women in Punjab: Dimensions, Determinants and its Implications on Women Social Status in Society. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 8(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v8i1.2107