Research Article
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A Turkish CHP case study; techno-economic, environmental and policy analysis

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 73 - 82, 05.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.454799

Abstract

The Turkish energy policy requires a strategic framework for sustainable economic growth, energy security and to meet the continuously rising energy demand. The 2030 energy plan of Turkey has a target to achieve 30% of its electricity generation from renewable technology with a significant reduction in global Green House Gas emissions by utilizing local renewable energy resources and clean technologies. Also, the Turkish energy network requires a significant contribution from other technologies such as combined heat and power and integrated energy systems to develop a strong, efficient and effective renewable energy network.
This case study involves a techno-economic, policy and environmental assessment of a combined heat and power system for the Izmir Institute of Technology. It highlights the inefficiency of the existing system and proposes a CHP system to meet the current and future energy requirement. Two systems were taken into consideration, a gas turbine and a reciprocating engine based combined cycle systems to analyze the best possible scenario to achieve sustainability.
The result shows that the reciprocating engine based system provided a reduction of 77% of CO2 emissions with increased overall efficiency of 47% and 0.166 million USD annual savings in comparison with the grid-based system and gas turbine with a reduction of 8% of CO2 emissions and increased overall efficiency of 43.5%. The outcome depict the importance of the CHP system on universities, institutes, and residential applications and emphasize on the modification of the policies towards the 5th generation energy network, including a combination of different technologies to achieve the energy and environmental targets for strengthening the Turkish energy network.

Supporting Institution

The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

Project Number

16698286-215.01-99618

Thanks

This work was supported by The Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). The first author is the recipient of a TUBITAK fellowship (16698286-215.01-99618).

References

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  • [2] Nami, H., Mahmoudi, S., & Nemati, A. 2017, “Exergy, economic and environmental impact assessment and optimization of a novel cogeneration system including a gas turbine, a supercritical CO2 and an organic Rankine cycle (GT-HRSG/SCO2)”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 110, 1315-1330.
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  • [4] Mondol, J. D., & Carr, C. 2017, “Techno-economic assessments of advanced Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) technology for the new electricity market in the United Arab Emirates”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 19, 160-172.
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  • [6] Celador, A. C., Erkoreka, A., Escudero, K. M., & Sala, J. 2011, “Feasibility of small-scale gas engine-based residential cogeneration in Spain”, Energy Policy, 39(6), 3813-3821.
  • [7] Nemati, A., Nami, H., Ranjbar, F., & Yari, M. 2017, “A comparative thermodynamic analysis of ORC and Kalina cycles for waste heat recovery: a case study for CGAM cogeneration system”. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 9, 1-13.
  • [8] Giarola, S., Forte, O., Lanzini, A., Gandiglio, M., Santarelli, M., & Hawkes, A. 2018, “Techno-economic assessment of biogas-fed solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power system at industrial scale”, Applied Energy, 211, 689-704.
  • [9] Karlsson, J., Brunzell, L., & Venkatesh, G. 2018, “Material-flow analysis, energy analysis, and partial environmental-LCA of a district-heating combined heat and power plant in Sweden”, Energy, 144, 31-40.
  • [10] Havukainen, J., Nguyen, M. T., Väisänen, S., & Horttanainen, M. 2018, “Life cycle assessment of small-scale combined heat and power plant: Environmental impacts of different forest biofuels and replacing district heat produced from natural gas”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 837-846.
  • [11] Szega, M., & Żymełka, P. 2018, “Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis of the Production of Electricity, Heat, and Cold in the Combined Heat and Power Unit With the Absorption Chillers”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 140(5), 052002.
  • [12] Keynia, F. 2018, “ An optimal design to provide combined cooling, heating, and power of residential buildings”, International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 1-16.
  • [13] Tataraki, K. G., Kavvadias, K. C., & Maroulis, Z. B. 2018, “A systematic approach to evaluate the economic viability of Combined Cooling Heating and Power systems over conventional technologies”, Energy, 148, 283-295.
  • [14] http://www.inforse.org/europe/eu_cogen-di.htm
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  • [19] http://www.stadinilmasto.fi/hyvia-esimerkkeja/viikin-ymparistotalo-suomen-vahiten-energiaa-kuluttava-toimistorakennus/.
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  • [21] https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/3168
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  • [27] Flagan, Richard C. and Seinfeld, John H. 1988, “Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering”, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood CLiffs, New Jersey.
  • [28] McAllister, S., Chen, J.-Y., & Fernandez-Pello, A. C. 2011, “Fundamentals of Combustion Processes”, New York, NY: Springer New York.
  • [29] Ganapathy, V. 1991, “Waste heat boiler deskbook”, Fairmont Press, University of Michigan.
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  • [31] Ganapathy, V. 2001, “Options for Improving the Efficiency of Heat Recovery Steam Generators”, EE Online.
  • [32] https://www.pbs.cz/en/our-business/powergineering/turbines/steam-condenser-turbines
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  • [35] https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/emission-factors_2014.pdf
  • [36] Brander, M., Sood, A., Wylie, C., Haughton, A., & Lovell, J. 2011, “Technical Paper | Electricity-specific emission factors for grid electricity”, ecometrica, August 2011.
  • [37] https://www.garantiinvestorrelations.com/en/images/pdf/2015-Electricity-Market-Report.pdf
  • [38] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS
  • [39] http://www1. eere. energy. gov/industry/pdfs/webcast_2009-0514_chp_in_facilities. pdfml.
  • [40] https://understandingchp.com/chp-applications-guide/6-8-rules-of-thumb-for-chp-engineering-and-installation-costs/
  • [41] http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21586
Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 73 - 82, 05.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.454799

Abstract

Project Number

16698286-215.01-99618

References

  • [1] https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2015SpecialReportonEnergyandClimateChange.pdf
  • [2] Nami, H., Mahmoudi, S., & Nemati, A. 2017, “Exergy, economic and environmental impact assessment and optimization of a novel cogeneration system including a gas turbine, a supercritical CO2 and an organic Rankine cycle (GT-HRSG/SCO2)”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 110, 1315-1330.
  • [3] Gopalakrishnan, H., & Kosanovic, D. 2014, “Economic optimization of combined cycle district heating systems”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 7, 91-100.
  • [4] Mondol, J. D., & Carr, C. 2017, “Techno-economic assessments of advanced Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) technology for the new electricity market in the United Arab Emirates”. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 19, 160-172.
  • [5] Balli, O., Aras, H., & Hepbasli, A. 2007, “Exergetic performance evaluation of a combined heat and power (CHP) system in Turkey”, International Journal of Energy Research, 31(9), 849-866.
  • [6] Celador, A. C., Erkoreka, A., Escudero, K. M., & Sala, J. 2011, “Feasibility of small-scale gas engine-based residential cogeneration in Spain”, Energy Policy, 39(6), 3813-3821.
  • [7] Nemati, A., Nami, H., Ranjbar, F., & Yari, M. 2017, “A comparative thermodynamic analysis of ORC and Kalina cycles for waste heat recovery: a case study for CGAM cogeneration system”. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 9, 1-13.
  • [8] Giarola, S., Forte, O., Lanzini, A., Gandiglio, M., Santarelli, M., & Hawkes, A. 2018, “Techno-economic assessment of biogas-fed solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power system at industrial scale”, Applied Energy, 211, 689-704.
  • [9] Karlsson, J., Brunzell, L., & Venkatesh, G. 2018, “Material-flow analysis, energy analysis, and partial environmental-LCA of a district-heating combined heat and power plant in Sweden”, Energy, 144, 31-40.
  • [10] Havukainen, J., Nguyen, M. T., Väisänen, S., & Horttanainen, M. 2018, “Life cycle assessment of small-scale combined heat and power plant: Environmental impacts of different forest biofuels and replacing district heat produced from natural gas”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 837-846.
  • [11] Szega, M., & Żymełka, P. 2018, “Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis of the Production of Electricity, Heat, and Cold in the Combined Heat and Power Unit With the Absorption Chillers”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 140(5), 052002.
  • [12] Keynia, F. 2018, “ An optimal design to provide combined cooling, heating, and power of residential buildings”, International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 1-16.
  • [13] Tataraki, K. G., Kavvadias, K. C., & Maroulis, Z. B. 2018, “A systematic approach to evaluate the economic viability of Combined Cooling Heating and Power systems over conventional technologies”, Energy, 148, 283-295.
  • [14] http://www.inforse.org/europe/eu_cogen-di.htm
  • [15] https://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/eu2020_en.pdf
  • [16] https://www.cogeneurope.eu/images/profiles/COGEN%20Europe%20ECR%20-20Germany%20Preview.pdf
  • [17] https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/sites/cif_enc/files/CTF_Presentation_2_Turkey_update.pdf
  • [18] https://www.oe-eb.at/dam/jcr:c4a98592-294b-49db-8536-4104286d2ce3/OeEB-Study-Energy-Efficiency-Finance-Serbia.pdf
  • [19] http://www.stadinilmasto.fi/hyvia-esimerkkeja/viikin-ymparistotalo-suomen-vahiten-energiaa-kuluttava-toimistorakennus/.
  • [20] https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/bmuimport/files/english/pdf/application/pdf/klimapaket_aug2007_en.pdf
  • [21] https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/3168
  • [22] Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions, 2011, “Climate Tech Book: Cogeneration/Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Center for Climate and Energy Solutions.
  • [23] http://www.bbc.com/weather/
  • [24] https://www.solarturbines.com/en_US/products/power-generation-packages/centaur-40.html
  • [25] https://www.clarke-energy.com/wp-content/uploads/ETS_E_T4_update13_rz.pdf
  • [26] Duzen, M. 2014, “Natural Gas Measurement”, Flow Control Magazine.
  • [27] Flagan, Richard C. and Seinfeld, John H. 1988, “Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering”, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood CLiffs, New Jersey.
  • [28] McAllister, S., Chen, J.-Y., & Fernandez-Pello, A. C. 2011, “Fundamentals of Combustion Processes”, New York, NY: Springer New York.
  • [29] Ganapathy, V. 1991, “Waste heat boiler deskbook”, Fairmont Press, University of Michigan.
  • [30] Ganapathy, V. 1997, “Efficiently generate steam from cogeneration plants”, Chemical Engineering, 104(5).
  • [31] Ganapathy, V. 2001, “Options for Improving the Efficiency of Heat Recovery Steam Generators”, EE Online.
  • [32] https://www.pbs.cz/en/our-business/powergineering/turbines/steam-condenser-turbines
  • [33] https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/energy/power-generation/steam-turbines.html
  • [34] https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/emission factors_2014.pdf
  • [35] https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-07/documents/emission-factors_2014.pdf
  • [36] Brander, M., Sood, A., Wylie, C., Haughton, A., & Lovell, J. 2011, “Technical Paper | Electricity-specific emission factors for grid electricity”, ecometrica, August 2011.
  • [37] https://www.garantiinvestorrelations.com/en/images/pdf/2015-Electricity-Market-Report.pdf
  • [38] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS
  • [39] http://www1. eere. energy. gov/industry/pdfs/webcast_2009-0514_chp_in_facilities. pdfml.
  • [40] https://understandingchp.com/chp-applications-guide/6-8-rules-of-thumb-for-chp-engineering-and-installation-costs/
  • [41] http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21586
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Awais Ahmad 0000-0003-4070-1322

Alvaro Diez This is me

Project Number 16698286-215.01-99618
Publication Date December 5, 2019
Submission Date August 21, 2018
Acceptance Date September 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ahmad, A., & Diez, A. (2019). A Turkish CHP case study; techno-economic, environmental and policy analysis. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, 6(3), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.454799
AMA Ahmad A, Diez A. A Turkish CHP case study; techno-economic, environmental and policy analysis. IJEAT. December 2019;6(3):73-82. doi:10.31593/ijeat.454799
Chicago Ahmad, Awais, and Alvaro Diez. “A Turkish CHP Case Study; Techno-Economic, Environmental and Policy Analysis”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 6, no. 3 (December 2019): 73-82. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.454799.
EndNote Ahmad A, Diez A (December 1, 2019) A Turkish CHP case study; techno-economic, environmental and policy analysis. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 6 3 73–82.
IEEE A. Ahmad and A. Diez, “A Turkish CHP case study; techno-economic, environmental and policy analysis”, IJEAT, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 73–82, 2019, doi: 10.31593/ijeat.454799.
ISNAD Ahmad, Awais - Diez, Alvaro. “A Turkish CHP Case Study; Techno-Economic, Environmental and Policy Analysis”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 6/3 (December 2019), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.454799.
JAMA Ahmad A, Diez A. A Turkish CHP case study; techno-economic, environmental and policy analysis. IJEAT. 2019;6:73–82.
MLA Ahmad, Awais and Alvaro Diez. “A Turkish CHP Case Study; Techno-Economic, Environmental and Policy Analysis”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, vol. 6, no. 3, 2019, pp. 73-82, doi:10.31593/ijeat.454799.
Vancouver Ahmad A, Diez A. A Turkish CHP case study; techno-economic, environmental and policy analysis. IJEAT. 2019;6(3):73-82.