ABSTRACT
Endoscopy is a powerful medical instrument used for in vivo diagnosis and in the treatment of human diseases. Major developments in technology have paved the way for endoscopes to assume a key role in the practice of medicine.1 Endoscopes have unparalleled ability to visualize lesions within internal organs with high resolution for minimally invasive medical purposes. ese instruments can be inserted into natural body orices (mouth, nose, anus, urethra) to access hollow organs, such as the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas and biliary ducts, colon, larynx, bronchial tree, and urinary bladder. is chapter will rst present the fundamental concepts of endoscopy, including the optical, mechanical, and electronic designs required for the proper function of an endoscope.
