This chart shows the percentage of citations to Ana Cristina Paixao Casaca's peer-reviewed articles that originate from Ana Cristina Paixao Casaca's own papers, i.e., papers where Ana Cristina Paixao Casaca is one of the authors. A self-citation occurs when the citing paper lists Ana Cristina Paixao Casaca as an author. Elevated rates may reflect a small co-author network or a narrow research focus.